Caribbean Islands https://speciesusedatabase.com/ en Keeping_Union Island Gecko_Saint Vincent and the Grenadines https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/118 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Keeping_Union Island Gecko_Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 02/08/2022 - 14:15</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-08T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 02/08/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wholesaler, retailers, exporters</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A case for listing the Union Island Gecko Gonatodes daudini in the Appendices of CITES</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Stable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Uncommon and only found within narrow areas of distribution</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/288" hreflang="en">Transportation and Service Corridors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>This species occurs in a small area of forest that was protected from agricultural development by its historical inaccessibility. The construction of a road in 2005 has, however, opened up this area, which is at imminent risk from further development. he introduction of exotic mammals, particularly feral goats which destroy understorey vegetation and cats which are known to prey on small reptiles, also represents a severe threat to this species; An earlier Red List assessment of this species (Powell and Henderson 2011) predicted that additional pressure on this rare and attractive gecko from commercial exploitation could have a dramatic effect on the population, and subsequently this species has been offered for sale in Europe and imported into the United States (Noseworthy 2017, Shepherd et al. 2019). At least two thirds of animals advertised for sale were male (with a further 17% of &quot;unknown sex&quot;) (Shepherd et al. 2019). If this reflects a genuine collection bias rather than small sample size, it could be of significant conservation concern if males are selectively removed from the population ;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Gonatodes daudini</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Union Island Gecko </div> <div class="field__item">Grenadines Clawed Gecko</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Illegal trade in this species was first reported in 2011 and over-harvesting for the international pet trade is now considered the single most important threat to the continued survival of this species.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/296" hreflang="en">Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-target-traits-details field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The overwhelming presence of males (compared to females) in international trade; more males are harvested that females;</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/308" hreflang="en">Keeping, display or breeding live animals and plants (e.g., pets, horticulture, zoos, botanic gardens)</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-amount field--type-float field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Amount</div> <div class="field__item">36.00</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-units-of-measurement field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Units Of Measurement</div> <div class="field__item">union geckos found in advertisments</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-time-period-over field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Time period over which this has been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">September 2014 - December 2018</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/317" hreflang="en">Yes, formal but regular non compliance</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>without a permit granted by the Chief Wildlife Officer, Article 15 of the Wildlife Protection Act prevents any person from, (1) hunting any species of wildlife, (2) disturbing, damaging or destroying the nest or eggs of any species of wildlife, or (3) holding possession any species of wildlife;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/336" hreflang="en">Caribbean Islands</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-state field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub region/state</div> <div class="field__item">Union Island</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Union Island </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (<em>e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-policy-legisln field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Supportive policy and legislative framework </div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-capacity field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-pop field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abundant population of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/322" hreflang="en">Illegal under national law</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Shepherd, C., Janssen, J., &amp; Noseworthy, J. (2019). A case for listing the Union Island Gecko Gonatodes daudini in the Appendices of CITES. Global Ecology And Conservation, 17, e00549. doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00549</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-neg-spp field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Recent surveys suggest a sharp (80%) decline in the most accessible habitats of the wild population and any offtake could have detrimental consequences. The overwhelming presence of males (compared to females) in international trade is of potential conservation concern</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/252" hreflang="en">Sub-national</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/413" hreflang="en">Critically Endangered (CR)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">Human Intrusions and disturbances</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/192" hreflang="en">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></div> </div> Tue, 08 Feb 2022 14:15:32 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 118 at https://speciesusedatabase.com Tourism_Carribean Reef Shark_Bahamas https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/65 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Tourism_Carribean Reef Shark_Bahamas</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 01/21/2022 - 10:47</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-01-21T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Fri, 01/21/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Effects of tourism-related provisioning on the trophic signatures<br /> and movement patterns of an apex predator, the Caribbean reef shark</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The Caribbean Reef Shark is targeted and/or captured as bycatch in artisanal and commercial gillnets and longlines throughout its range. Artisanal fisheries are intense across much of Atlantic South America, and there are largely unmanaged commercial longline fisheries in several areas; In addition to fisheries pressure, coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean Sea, which are the primary habitat for this species, are in decline due to climate change, specifically coral bleaching, disease, invasive species, and coastal pollution (Carpenter et al. 2008, Jackson et al. 2014). Overall, this shark has very little refuge from fishing, and is at threat from a continuing decline in habitat quality.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Carcharhinus perezi</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Carribean Reef Shark </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Extractive</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonextrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/330" hreflang="en">Watching/experiencing terrestrial, aerial, or aquatic fauna and flora in the wild (e.g., birdwatching, snorkeling, wildlife watching)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Wildlife provisioning, i.e. the provision of bait to generate aggregations of charismatic megafauna as tourist attractions</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/320" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/336" hreflang="en">Caribbean Islands</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Bahamas</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-state field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub region/state</div> <div class="field__item">New Providence</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-site-desc field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Site Description</div> <div class="field__item"><p>(25°250 N, 78°350 W): The focal shark feeding site was located 2.6 km off the south coast of the island where Caribbean reef sharks have been fed almost daily since 1986 as a dive tourism attraction.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No – no clear evidence of the impact of use compared to other factors influencing</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Yes, it is having a positive effect (<em>e.g., reduced competition, reduced risk of hybridization</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-impact-other-spp field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>healthy populations of apex predators have been shown to have positive impacts on biodiversity at lower trophic levels (Sergio et al. 2005), thus conservation of these species may deliver wider ecosystem-level benefits.</p> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>‘fed’ individuals showed significant 15N enrichment in their tissues compared to conspecifics of the same size that failed to obtain bait at the feeding site, and un-provisioned sharks from a control site. Despite the disparity in trophic signatures, fed, unfed and control sharks exhibited similar degrees of residency at their respective home receiver sites, and travelled similar daily minimum distances. Thus, despite long-term provisioning of this Caribbean reef shark population, there is no evidence for shifts in the behaviours considered which might affect the ecological role of these sharks. We found that although a large number of sharks attended feeding events, a very small proportion of sharks acquired bait regularly. Our results therefore suggest that the impacts of long-term, regular provisioning on this shark population may be limited, at least in terms of the parameters examined here. Sharks that took bait frequently (the ‘fed’ group) had elevated d15N values compared to individuals of similar size and sex that were either often present but unsuccessful at feeds (the ‘unfed’ group) or rarely present and mostly resident elsewhere (the ‘control’ group).</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-protect-trad-cult field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional </div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Maljković, A., &amp; Côté, I. (2011). Effects of tourism-related provisioning on the trophic signatures and movement patterns of an apex predator, the Caribbean reef shark. Biological Conservation, 144(2), 859-865. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2010.11.019</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-strategy-details field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>provisioning is presented as an effective strategy that can contribute to apex predator conservation. Provisioning-based tourism, when accompanied by natural history information, can enhance public awareness of the conservation plight of apex predator populations</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/251" hreflang="en">Individual Site</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/414" hreflang="en">Endangered (EN)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered sustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/17" hreflang="en">Bahamas</a></div> </div> Fri, 21 Jan 2022 10:47:30 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 65 at https://speciesusedatabase.com Harvesting_Lansan Tree_Santa Lucia https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/54 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Harvesting_Lansan Tree_Santa Lucia</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 01/18/2022 - 17:12</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-01-18T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 01/18/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Making business scents: how to harvest incense sustainably from the globally threatened lansan tree Protium attenuatum</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A national management plan has been devised whereby tap- pers will be licensed and trained in the optimal method and granted their own forest coupes to manage under Forestry Department supervision.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Unsustainable extraction of lansan resin for domestic use and trade is inferred to have been an historical cause of decline in all range states and continues to be a significant threat. On Saint Lucia, higher rates of tree mortalities and poorer regeneration of Protium attenuatum have been reported in heavily exploited areas (Toussaint, 2009), with evidence of disease spreading from tapped to non-tapped trees (Daltry et al. 2015). Habitat loss has been, and continues to be, a threat in some range states.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Protium attenuatum</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Lansan Tree</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">Only parts or products of the organism (<em>e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts</em>)</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>the white exudate is obtained by slashing the bark, and coagulates and hardens before being scraped off with a knife approximately 2 weeks later; Tappers use a variety of cutting tools and techniques, and each tree may be visited and cut multiple times by different tappers,</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/294" hreflang="en">Gathering/Cutting/Collecting Terrestrial Plants and Fungi or Their Products From the Wild</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> <div class="field__item">Cultural/spiritual</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>harvesting of the valuable oleo-resin, which is used as incense.<br /> Dried lansan is burned as incense at religious ceremonies, to treat various ailments (e.g. sinus congestion and arthritis), as a mosquito repellent, and to ward off evil spirits;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/306" hreflang="en">Medicine/Pharmaceutical (human/veterinary)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/311" hreflang="en">Ornamentation, decoration and apparel</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/312" hreflang="en">Cultural or religious practices</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/320" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/336" hreflang="en">Caribbean Islands</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Santa Lucia </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> <div class="field__item">International private sector</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In Saint Lucia, lansan is bought by at least 60% of Saint Lucians and by almost every church; it is also exported over- seas</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Yes – use is improving the status (<em>e.g., population is increasing or stabilising, extraction effort OR catch per unit effort is decreasing or stable</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-pos-spp-impact field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>traditional methods used by local tappers were destructive, causing greater decay and infection, slower growth rates and increased mortality. Lansan trees are still abundant in Saint Lucia’s rainforests but face increasing pressure from uncontrolled extraction of their aromatic oleoresin</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>traditional methods used by local tappers were destructive, causing greater decay and infection, slower growth rates and increased mortality.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-policy-legisln field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Supportive policy and legislative framework </div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-mgmnt-plan field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan </div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Daltry, J., Prospere, A., Toussaint, A., Gengelbach, J., &amp; Morton, M. (2015). Making business scents: How to harvest incense sustainably from the globally threatened lansan tree Protium attenuatum. Oryx, 49(3), 431-441. doi:10.1017/S003060531400115X</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/414" hreflang="en">Endangered (EN)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">Gathering terrestrial plants; </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered unsustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/653" hreflang="en">Santa Lucia</a></div> </div> Tue, 18 Jan 2022 17:12:23 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 54 at https://speciesusedatabase.com Harvesting_blood red broughtonia_Jamaica https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/31 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Harvesting_blood red broughtonia_Jamaica </span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Fri, 01/07/2022 - 13:15</span> <div class="field field--name-field-record-date field--type-datetime field--label-hidden field__item"><time datetime="2020-01-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 01/01/2020 - 12:00</time> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-01-07T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Fri, 01/07/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> <div class="field__item">Wild species born/bred and raised/produced in captivity or through artificial propagation (<em>e.g., activities such as closed-cycle breeding, horticulture or aquaculture</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Non-detriment findings for international trade in wild orchids from developing countries; A case study for Broughtonia sanguinea in Jamaica</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common but only within narrow areas of distribution</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>As well as passing legislation to meet CITES re- quirements and conduct trade in all listed species, the government of Jamaica has approved a policy towards orchid conservation. B. sanguinea is regulated in Jamaica, listed on Annex II of the Endangered Sp</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/293" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Broughtonia sanguinea</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">blood red broughtonia</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">Only parts or products of the organism (<em>e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts</em>)</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>B. sanguinea and other epiphytic orchids are normally removed without significant damage to their host tree; felling of trees purely for collection of orchids is rare.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/311" hreflang="en">Ornamentation, decoration and apparel</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/332" hreflang="en">Decreasing</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/320" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/336" hreflang="en">Caribbean Islands</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Jamaica</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered unsustainable</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The available data on population density along with ongoing threats to its habitat indicate that the precautionary principle should be followed by progressively reducing the export quota for wild-sourced Broughtonia sanguinea.<br /> With what is known of its population distribution and under the current legislative, conservation and trade framework, it is re- commended that the annual export quota for wild-sourced plants be reduced from the current number of 100 to 50 and thereafter phased down to zero. In addition, it is advised that the move from export of wild-sourced to artificially produced B. sanguinea plants, which started in the early 2000s, be further facilitated, not just for B. sanguinea but for all native orchids</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No assessment recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-govern field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-policy-legisln field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Supportive policy and legislative framework </div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-capacity field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-protect-trad-cult field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional </div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-support-from-ngos field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Support from NGOs</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-support-from-government field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Support from Government</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-gain field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">High financial returns from use</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-pop field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Abundant population of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-cap-build field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Capacity building of community</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-mgmnt-plan field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan </div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-certification field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Effective private sector approach engagement through certification</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-benefit-sharing field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Good benefit-sharing mechanism</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-market-strategies field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Good Market Strategies</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Cohen, J., Williams, H., Strong, Y., &amp; Fisher, H. (2020). Non-detriment findings for international trade in wild orchids from developing countries; A case study for Broughtonia sanguinea in Jamaica. Journal For Nature Conservation, 56, 125840. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125840</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-other-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">At the regional level, Jamaica is a signatory to (but has not yet ratified) The Protocol Concerning SPAWs</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/252" hreflang="en">Sub-national</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/111" hreflang="en">Jamaica</a></div> </div> Fri, 07 Jan 2022 13:15:57 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 31 at https://speciesusedatabase.com