Energy/Fuel

Harvest_Zanthoxylum chalybeum_Tanzania

Emma_Hemmerle — Thu, 10 Feb 2022 16:40:16 +0000

Harvest_Zanthoxylum chalybeum_Tanzania Emma_Hemmerle Thu, 02/10/2022 - 16:40

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Thu, 02/10/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Wild species used in significantly modified habitat (e.g., oil palm plantations, rice paddies)

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Conservation and Management Challenges Facing a Medicinal Plant Zanthoxylum chalybeum in Simanjiro Area, Northern Tanzania

Stable

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Unknown/not recorded

Formal international protection in place

International Level

CITES listing

CMS listing

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Unknown/Not Recorded

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Zanthoxylum chalybeum

Common Name(s)

Zanthoxylum chalybeum

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)

Details of parts/products taken

The most used plant parts for medicinal purposes were reported to be the roots and the stem bark (90.3% and 81.6%, respectively), possibly suggesting mortality caused by heavy harvesting.
Respondents also mentioned other uses of the Z. chalybeum plant to be as beverage (porridge and tea) spice (83.5%), ruminant fodder
(especially seeds) (58%), for Boma fencing (30%), and as firewood (11.6%).

How is the primary use carried out?

Gathering/Cutting/Collecting Terrestrial Plants and Fungi or Their Products From the Wild

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

Income generation from trade at individual or household or community

Additional Details (if available)

Zanthoxylum chalybeum is an important medicinal plant for malaria treatment, fever, cough, headaches, chest pain, digestive disorders (e.g., ulcers), some problems associated with the female reproductive system, diabetes, and toothache; Moreover, according to [12], the tree species is of economic importance to most of the rural communities who have inadequate livelihood resources. The plant leaves have been processed to make vegetables in powder form and sold in the market at TZS 2000 (USD 1.5) for 500 g and thus provide income.

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Food for People

Food for animals (including aquaculture)

Medicine/Pharmaceutical (human/veterinary)

Energy/Fuel

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Tanzania

Sub region/state

Manyara Region

Name

Simanjiro District

Site Description

The district lies between 3◦52′ and 4◦24′ South and 36◦05′ and 36◦39′ East

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Details of assessment carried out

The harvesting methods of this species are considered to be unsustainable; Z. chalybeum is under the threat of unsustainability since roots and barks are the main plant parts harvested.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Present

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Mbinile, S. D., Munishi, L. K., Ngondya, I. B., & Ndakidemi, P. A. (2020). Conservation and Management Challenges Facing a Medicinal Plant Zanthoxylum chalybeum in Simanjiro Area, Northern Tanzania. Sustainability, 12(10), 4140. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104140

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Agriculture

Land Use Change

Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction

Fire

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

Sub-national

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

No assessment recorded

Yes, considered unsustainable

Country reference

Tanzania

Harvesting_Saguaro_Mexico

Emma_Hemmerle — Mon, 31 Jan 2022 13:17:15 +0000

Harvesting_Saguaro_Mexico Emma_Hemmerle Mon, 01/31/2022 - 13:17

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Mon, 01/31/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Unknown/not recorded

Record Source

“Grey” literature (e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed))

Harvesting of Saguaro in Mexico for ornamentation and construction purposes.

Decreasing

Is the species endemic HIDE

Yes

Population Status

Common but only within narrow areas of distribution

Formal international protection in place

International Level

CITES listing

National Level

No formal national protection in place

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Agriculture

Residential and Commercial Development

Fire

Disease

Invasive Species

Additional Details (if available)

Cattle ranching, particularly the transformation of desert into pastures of exotic buffel grass (Pennisetum ciliare), has extirpated, or severely reduced many local populations contributing to fragmentation;

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

In Mexico, Carnegiea gigantea is primarily threatened by changes in land use for cattle ranching. In the Unites States, this species is primarily threatened by urbanization. Saguaros are also threatened by collection from the wild, including indiscriminate and illegal trade (Paredes et al. 2000). There is a high demand for Saguaro ribs, the internal woody frame of this cactus species, that leads to over-collection. The species is threatened by competition from the invasive buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare) and from the increased frequency of fires associated with buffelgrass.

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Carnegiea gigantea

Common Name(s)

Saguaro

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

The whole entire organism

Details of parts/products taken

Trade in live wild specimens is carried in a small scale, mainly for ornamental purposes. These are usually limited to plants 1-3 m tall. Harvest of dead ribs for commercial purposes has increased since the 1990s.

How is the primary use carried out?

Gathering/Cutting/Collecting Terrestrial Plants and Fungi or Their Products From the Wild

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

Income generation from trade at individual or household or community

Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Additional Details (if available)

Harvesting of sahuaro “ribs”, the woody skeleton of dead sahuaros has been carried out by native peoples for centuries. Desert people, relied on these materials for construction, crafts, and firewood. Today, there is great demand, mainly in the USA markets for sahuaro ribs to make furniture and constructions in the “southwest style”.

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Food for People

Energy/Fuel

Ornamentation, decoration and apparel

Building/construction

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Yes, formal but regular non compliance

Additional Details (if available)

There is no quota system, but Mexican government authorities have established a moratorium on issuing permits until the sustainable use of ribs is clarified.
Historically there are large discrepancies between the issued permits and the exported quantities reported.

Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant

As the species is protected in the USA, most stocks of sahuaro ribs have been imported legal and illegally from Mexico.

Geographic Location

Mesoamerica

Country

Mexico

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

National / local private sector

International private sector

If more than one box ticked, please provide more details

traditional use by locals for ornamentation/food, and export to USA as construction material;

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Some use is legal and some is illegal

Source Reference(s)

Búrquez, A. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies WG 3 – Succulents and Cycads: Sahuaro (Carnegiea gigantea) In Mexico.

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Agriculture

Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation

Invasive Species

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

National Level

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

Other

Gathering terrestrial plants;

Other

Gathering terrestrial plants;

No assessment recorded

No assessment has been recorded

Country reference

Mexico

Logging_Maritime Pine_France

Emma_Hemmerle — Fri, 28 Jan 2022 12:12:16 +0000

Logging_Maritime Pine_France Emma_Hemmerle Fri, 01/28/2022 - 12:12

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Fri, 01/28/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in significantly modified habitat (e.g., oil palm plantations, rice paddies)

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Unknown/not recorded

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managed Pinus pinaster (Ait.) planted forest

Increasing

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Unknown/not recorded

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Residential and Commercial Development

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

Residential, urban, industrial and tourism related developments in coastal areas has reduced the available habitat for this species. However, this decline is more than offset by its expansion in other areas.

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Pinus pinaster

Common Name(s)

Maritime Pine

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

The whole entire organism

Details of parts/products taken

The aboveground biomass of trees was first harvested, except the bottom of the stem. Next, understory vegetation and the forest floor were removed up to a radius of 1.5 m around each stump using hand tools. The stump–root system was collected using a backhoe with around 10 operators working with hand tools.

How is the primary use carried out?

Logging and/or Wood Harvesting

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Additional Details (if available)

many countries are implementing policies to promote the use of biomass for energy production (EC, 2000). In this context, forest ecosystems are often seen as potential providers of plant biomass.

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Energy/Fuel

Building/construction

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

Europe

Country

France

Sub region/state

Aquitaine

Name

Landes de Gascogne forest

Site Description

(ca. 900 kha; ca. 43.5–45.5°N and 1.5°W–0.3°E). Stands are monospecific and even-aged ones. Soils are podzols and arenosols which are acidic, sandy, more or less cemented and highly P-deficient

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Unknown/not recorded

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Mixed(e.g., some beneficial effects, some deleterious)

Additional Details (if available)

Results are reported in terms on impacts on nutrient content of the soil:
we compared three scenarios (i.e. S + R: stem + belowground biomass; S + B: stem + branches; S + B + F: stem + branches + foliage) in comparison with a conventional stem-only harvest (S). in the S + R scenario, harvesting roots led to additional export of nutrients, which was lower than or similar to the additional biomass exports (i.e. +9 to +15%). In the S + B scenario, the increases in nutrient exports were higher than the increase in export of biomass (i.e. +21 to +34%). These increases were high- est in the S+B+F scenario (i.e. +30 to +57%); our simulations clearly showed that harvesting complete canopies (i.e. S + B + F scenario) is disproportionally expensive in terms of nutrients. we conclude that our forest site conditions (i.e. characterized by severely poor soils) are more propitious to root harvests than to branch harvests; On the basis of our results and based on results in literature, we conclude that, even if it is technically feasible (Nunez-Regueira et al., 2005), using tree foliage as fuelwood is probably not sustainable in most infertile forests. Conversely, using tree stumps and coarse roots as fuelwood may be sustainable for carbon mitigation strategies

Details of assessment carried out

Combining our original results on roots with previously published data on the above ground compartments showed that nutrient losses were higher in canopy harvest scenarios than in root harvest scenarios. This was mainly due to high nutrient concentrations of needles. We concluded that stump and root harvest could be sustainable in our study context, conversely to foliage harvest.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Augusto, L., Achat, D.L., Bakker, M.R., Bernier, F., Bert, D., Danjon, F., Khlifa, R., Meredieu, C. and Trichet, P. (2015), Biomass and nutrients in tree root systems–sustainable harvesting of an intensively managed Pinus pinaster (Ait.) planted forest. GCB Bioenergy, 7: 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12127

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Unknown/Not Recorded

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

Individual Site

IUCN National Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

No assessment recorded

Yes, considered sustainable

Country reference

France

Harvesting_Neem_Ghana

Emma_Hemmerle — Wed, 26 Jan 2022 15:43:08 +0000

Harvesting_Neem_Ghana Emma_Hemmerle Wed, 01/26/2022 - 15:43

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Wed, 01/26/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

The impact of small-scale wood harvesting on neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss stands in the coastal savanna of Ghana

Stable

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Unknown/not recorded

No formal international protection in place

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Disease

Invasive Species

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

Azadirachta indica has few serious pests, but several scale insects have been reported to infest it. For example, Aonidiella orientalis (feeding on sap of young branches and young stems), which is the most vigorous pest. It is also affected by Pulvinaria maxima and Helopeltis antonii which both feed on the sap. In India, a shoot borer damages the plant. Rats and porcupines attack and occasionally kill A. indica seedlings and trees by gnawing the bark around the base. Mistletoes that affect A. indica are Dendrophtoe falcata and Tapinanthus spp. In India and elsewhere, Psuedocercospora subsesessilis is the most common fungus attacking the leaves, causing the shothole effect. In India, the bacterium Pseudomonas azadirachtae may damage leaves (Orwa et al. 2009).
These pests and diseases are not considered major threats to the global A. indica population.

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Azadirachta indica

Common Name(s)

Neem

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)

Details of parts/products taken

There were three main forms of wood harvesting: progressively coppicing, bole removal and root digging;

How is the primary use carried out?

Logging and/or Wood Harvesting

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Energy/Fuel

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Ghana

Site Description

three coastal villages (in order of size: Kokrobite, Tuba and Langma) with a total population of about 3500;

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Yes – use is improving the status (e.g., population is increasing or stabilising, extraction effort OR catch per unit effort is decreasing or stable)

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

The combination of selective cutting procedure and the regenerative capacity of the neem tree ensured that the firewood supply remained adequate over recent years.

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Details of assessment carried out

he results show that SSWH (small-scale wood harvesting), incorporating coppicing, stand tolerance, balanced with total bole cutting and root removal, and based on socio-cultural supports, has created a modified yet sustainable system of SSWH. It is concluded that these systems may contribute to tree stand conservation.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Present

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Campbell, M. O. (2005). The Impact of Small-Scale Wood Harvesting on Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss Stands in the Coastal Savanna of Ghana. Area, 37(1), 8–16. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20004425

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction

Unknown/Not Recorded

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Yes

While both men and women practised SSWH, the particular situations of male and female stakeholders occasioned different preferences and approaches. Both groups were aware of conservation and energy issues, and there was little difference in terms their long-term perspectives. However, the logistics of harvesting compelled women to pay particular attention to location, and load weight, and this, rather than a stronger conservation ethic, created a slight gender imbalance with regard to coppicing over heavier cutting.

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

Sub-national

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

Yes, considered sustainable

Country reference

Ghana

Logging_Jack Pine_Canada

Emma_Hemmerle — Fri, 21 Jan 2022 11:23:06 +0000

Logging_Jack Pine_Canada Emma_Hemmerle Fri, 01/21/2022 - 11:23

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Fri, 01/21/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Unknown/not recorded

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Long-term effects of biomass removal on soil mesofaunal communities in northeastern Ontario (Canada) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands

Stable

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Unknown/not recorded

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Unknown/Not Recorded

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

No specific threats have been identified for this species.

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Pinus banksiana

Common Name(s)

Jack Pine

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

The whole entire organism

Details of parts/products taken

three different treatments were considered: stem-only harvesting, whole-tree harvesting (stem, tops and branches removed), and blading (whole-tree harvesting plus removal of stump and forest floor)

How is the primary use carried out?

Logging and/or Wood Harvesting

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Income generation from trade at individual or household or community

Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Additional Details (if available)

Biomass for bioenergy production

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Energy/Fuel

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

North America

Country

Canada

Sub region/state

Ontario

Site Description

five jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands across northeastern Ontario

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Unknown/not recorded

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Yes, it is having a negative effect (e.g., prey depletion, stress, disrupted breeding, movement, sleeping, feeding patterns)

Yes, negative (e.g., it destroys/ degrades it due to over-use)

Additional Details (if available)

Springtails (Collembola) and oribatid mites (Oribatida), two dominant mesofauna taxa, have been identified as potentially good indicators of forest integrity due to their highly abundant and diverse communities in the soil and their roles in ecological processes such as litter decay (Petersen and Luxton, 1982; Neher et al., 2012) or physical microaggregation (Maab et al., 2015). Compared to mature uncut forests, soil mesofaunal communities remained modified 20 years after biomass harvesting, notably in the most intense practice (blading). Incomplete recovery of mesofauna was consistent with persistent modifications of soil environmental conditions in harvested plots, notably after blading. Modifications included a reduced organic cover (ground vegetation, mosses and woody debris) as well as lower organic soil thickness and moisture, which likely resulted in fewer suitable micro-habitats for many species;

Additional Details (if available)

Incomplete recovery of mesofauna was consistent with persistent modifications of soil environmental conditions in harvested plots, notably after blading. Modifications included a reduced organic cover (ground vegetation, mosses and woody debris) as well as lower organic soil thickness and moisture, which likely resulted in fewer suitable micro- habitats for many species;

Details of assessment carried out

recovery is incomplete within 20 years after intensive biomass removal in these boreal conifer-dominated stands, and is likely linked to stand development and associated processes. As a result, longer-term monitoring will be required to track mesofaunal community recovery through these later developmental stages.
absence of post-harvest recovery. It does need to be recognized that 20 years is a relatively short time frame in the life cycle of these forests which can easily reach more than 100 years be- tween two stand-replacing natural disturbance events such as wildfire

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Rousseau, L., Venier, L., Fleming, R., Hazlett, P., Morris, D., & Handa, I. (2018). Long-term effects of biomass removal on soil mesofaunal communities in northeastern Ontario (Canada) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands. Forest Ecology And Management, 421, 72-83. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2018.02.017

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

Sub-national

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)