https://speciesusedatabase.com/ en https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/126 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fishing_Tucuxi_Brazil</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/10/2022 - 13:51</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-10T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 02/10/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Use of Tucuxi Dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis for Medicinal and Magic/Religious Purposes in North of Brazil</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/329" hreflang="en">CMS listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>In Brazil, it is protected under the Federal Law, which prohibits hunting of any wildlife found in its territory for sale nationally or internationally</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Threats include incidental mortality in fishing gear, deliberate killing for fish bait, damming of rivers, and environmental pollution from organochlorines and heavy metals</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Sotalia fluviatilis</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Tucuxi</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">Only parts or products of the organism (<em>e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts</em>)</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In Brazil, mainly in north, there is a market for the eyes, teeth, and genital organs of the dolphins, which are used as magical charms. The fat and oil of the skin also are used commercially and in traditional medicine ;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/298" hreflang="en">Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> <div class="field__item">Cultural/spiritual</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The species is used as part of religious and cultural practices, but is also traded commercially for those same purposes.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/306" hreflang="en">Medicine/Pharmaceutical (human/veterinary)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/312" hreflang="en">Cultural or religious practices</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/320" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/344" hreflang="en">South America</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Brazil</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-state field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub region/state</div> <div class="field__item">Para</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-site-desc field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Site Description</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The study was conducted in the City of Belém and in the fishing community of Pesqueiro Beach</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No – no clear evidence of the impact of use compared to other factors influencing</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The demand for dolphin products in local markets may impact S. fluviatilis’ populations. However the magnitude of this impact needs to be further investigated and better understood.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Alves, R.R.N., Rosa, I.L. Use of Tucuxi Dolphin Sotalia fluviatilis for Medicinal and Magic/Religious Purposes in North of Brazil. Hum Ecol 36, 443–447 (2008). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-008-9174-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-008-9174-5</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/293" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/252" hreflang="en">Sub-national</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/414" hreflang="en">Endangered (EN)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">incidental capture </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Sustainability not determined</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/32" hreflang="en">Brazil</a></div> </div> Thu, 10 Feb 2022 13:51:52 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 126 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/119 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Harvesting_Lion_Africa</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 02/08/2022 - 15:08</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-08T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 02/08/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> <div class="field__item">Wild species sourced from the wild but reared/cultivated in a managed site (<em>e.g., cultivated wild specimens, eggs/juveniles from the wild</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A roaring trade? The legal trade in Panthera leo bones from Africa to East-Southeast Asia</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/329" hreflang="en">CMS listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/279" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The main threats to Lions are indiscriminate killing (primarily as a result of retaliatory or pre-emptive killing to protect human life and livestock) and prey base depletion. Habitat loss and conversion has led to a number of subpopulations becoming small and isolated (Bauer et al. 2008). Furthermore, trophy hunting has a net positive impact in a some areas, but may have at times contributed to population declines in Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Packer et al. 2009, 2011, 2013), Cameroon (Croes et al. 2011) and Zambia (Rosenblatt et al. 2014).</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Panthera leo</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Lion </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">Only parts or products of the organism (<em>e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts</em>)</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>bones</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/306" hreflang="en">Medicine/Pharmaceutical (human/veterinary)</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/309" hreflang="en">Speciment collecting, including hunting/fishing trophies</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-amount field--type-float field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Amount</div> <div class="field__item">1312.00</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-units-of-measurement field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Units Of Measurement</div> <div class="field__item">CITES permits issued to export bones</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-time-period-over field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Time period over which this has been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">2013- 2015</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/331" hreflang="en">Increasing</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/320" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>South Africa was the only legal exporter of bones to Asia until 2013 when Namibia issued permits to export skeletons to Vietnam.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/346" hreflang="en">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>First, the legal but rapacious E-SEA trade, derived annually from hundreds of captive-bred South African lions and a limited number of wild-origin ones from other African countries (the latter amounting to 0.9% of the total quantity listed on issued CITES permits to 2015, all from Namibia, Table 1). Second, the same trade to E-SEA, but conducted illegally (e.g. no permits, or sourced by poaching) (not quantified here). And third, the relatively more widespread but comparatively modest, but no less threatening, pan-African utilization of bones that is mostly for ‘traditional’ purposes and is typically sourced outside South Africa from wild lion populations killed in human-lion conflicts (‘problem lions’) and poaching [8], or in South Africa from poaching of captive-bred lions or sales from captive-facilities to traditional medicine (‘muti’) traders</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No – no clear evidence of the impact of use compared to other factors influencing</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>there is minimal evidence to suggest that the East-Southeast Asian bone trade is presently adversely affecting wild lions in protected areas in South Africa, the extent of this specific trade in other lion range states still requires urgent pro- active monitoring and evaluation to substantiate and clarify these impacts and also those resulting from the trade in lion body parts for other purposes.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-protect-trad-cult field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional </div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/325" hreflang="en">Some use is legal and some is illegal</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Williams VL, Loveridge AJ, Newton DJ, Macdonald DW (2017) A roaring trade? The legal trade in Panthera leo bones from Africa to East- Southeast Asia. PLoS ONE 12(10): e0185996. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185996">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185996</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/254" hreflang="en">Regional/Continental/Multi-country level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/415" hreflang="en">Vulnerable (VU)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">Human Intrusions and disturbances</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> Tue, 08 Feb 2022 15:08:19 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 119 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/113 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hunting_Grizzly Bear_Canada </span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/03/2022 - 23:35</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-04T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Fri, 02/04/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The NDF process For Ursus Arctos Horribilis (Grizzly Bear) In Canada</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Stable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The prairie populations of grizzly bear are considered ‘Extirpated’ by the national Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC);</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/279" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/283" hreflang="en">Energy Production and Mining</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/286" hreflang="en">Fire</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/288" hreflang="en">Transportation and Service Corridors</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Although, as a whole, this species is secure with relatively large numbers and an expansive range, many small, isolated subpopulations are threatened due to their low numbers and frequent contact with humans. These small subpopulations tend to be found in remnant wild areas surrounded by more extensive human development. As wide-ranging omnivores, Brown Bears are attracted to areas with available human-related foods; being large and somewhat aggressive, these bears may threaten life and property (often agricultural products) and may be killed as a consequence</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Ursus arctos</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Grizzly Bear </div> <div class="field__item">Brown bear </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Yes</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-target-traits-details field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The majority of harvest is of adult male grizzly bears as they are usually larger and thus generally preferred by hunters as trophy specimens over females. Cubs under the age of two are not hunted.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> <div class="field__item">Recreational</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Grizzly bears are highly prized as hunting trophies;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/309" hreflang="en">Speciment collecting, including hunting/fishing trophies</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/315" hreflang="en">Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>harvest of grizzly bears as hunting trophies is legal with a valid hunting license. Harvest for skins and/pelts is also permitted as long as the specimens are accompanied by valid tags and any necessary interprovincial trade permits.</p> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Of the approximately 500 grizzly bear mortalities each year in Canada, about 84% are the result of legal harvest (including harvest by Aboriginal Peoples);; the high value of trophies also results in some degree of poaching and trafficking as indicated by reports of seizures and prosecutions</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/341" hreflang="en">North America</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Canada</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In Canada, trophy harvest is sustainably managed by the provincial and territorial jurisdictions in which grizzly bears occur; Harvest of grizzly bears in Canada is primarily for hunting trophies and harvest limits have been set at 1-6% of the population depending on the jurisdiction.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/325" hreflang="en">Some use is legal and some is illegal</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Caceres, C. Fraser, D. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies<br /> WG 5 – Mammals: The NDF process For Ursus Arctos Horribilis (Grizzly Bear) In Canada.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/290" hreflang="en">Direct Persecution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">Least Concern (LC)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">Human Intrusions and disturbances</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-threats-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">accidental mortality </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered sustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/40" hreflang="en">Canada</a></div> </div> Thu, 03 Feb 2022 23:35:40 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 113 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/112 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Keeping_Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin_Solomon Islands</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 02/03/2022 - 23:34</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-03T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 02/03/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Non-detriment Finding For Tursiops Aduncus In The Solomon Islands</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Uncommon but wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">No formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/288" hreflang="en">Transportation and Service Corridors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/289" hreflang="en">Disease</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-site-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>accidental mortality through by-catch;</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Bycatch is the dominant threat affecting Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins throughout their range. However, there are very few estimates of mortality rates or abundance over time to evaluate the severity of the impact. In Australia, the major threats include bycatch in trawls and gillnets as well as in shark nets set at popular coastal beaches to protect bathers (Hale 1997, Paterson, 1990).<br /> Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins are among the cetacean species most commonly kept in captivity in Asia (Wang et al. 1999, Reeves et al. 2003). Since the early 1960s, live-captures of T. aduncus for oceanarium display have occurred in many areas, including South Africa, Australia, Taiwan, Japan and Java (Best and Ross 1984, Tas’an and Leatherwood 1984, Reeves et al. 1994, Cawthorn and Gaskin 1984, Kasuya et al. 1984). Several diseases appear to be increasing in occurrence in coastal small cetaceans, raising concern for the health of these animals. Since the early 2000s, there have been several dolphin mortality events in Australia that have included T. aduncus (Kemper et al. 2016). In these events all the dolphins tested positive for the cetacean morbillivirus. Climate change, especially increases in sea surface temperature that are prevalent throughout coastal areas of the Indian Ocean, are negatively affecting coastal habitats such as coral reefs and seagrass beds used by Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphins.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Tursiops aduncus</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The dolphins in trade and being considered in this case study are taken from the wild in the Solomon Islands and are used mainly for commercial purposes. Thus far, exported dolphins have been purchased and imported by resort hotels or aquatic parks for display and/or interactive (swim-with-the-dolphins) programmes.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/298" hreflang="en">Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> <div class="field__item">Recreational</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The dolphins in trade and being considered in this case study are taken from the wild in the Solomon Islands and are used mainly for commercial purposes. Thus far, exported dolphins have been purchased and imported by resort hotels or aquatic parks for display and/or interactive (swim-with-the-dolphins) programmes.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/308" hreflang="en">Keeping, display or breeding live animals and plants (e.g., pets, horticulture, zoos, botanic gardens)</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/319" hreflang="en">No</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>There is no national or international legislation related specifically to the conservation of T. aduncus. CITES provides a framework for the regulation of international trade.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/343" hreflang="en">Oceania</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Solomon Islands </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The Samoa workshop in August 2008 (report in preparation) proposed that a minimum of four field seasons over two years would be needed to generate a robust abundance estimate for Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins in the Solomon Islands, which could then be used as part of an informed determination of whether a given level of live-captures for export would or would not cause detriment to the survival of the species (i.e. population).</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Reeves, R.R., Horokou, J. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies<br /> WG 5 – Mammals: Non-detriment Finding For Tursiops Aduncus In The Solomon Islands.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/416" hreflang="en">Near Threatened (NT)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">Human Intrusions and disturbances</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/205" hreflang="en">Solomon Islands</a></div> </div> Thu, 03 Feb 2022 23:34:03 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 112 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/111 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fishing_Queen conch_Colombia</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 15:55</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-02T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Non-detrimental Findings For The Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) In Colombia.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>The Ministry of Environment included the spe- cies in a national red list, thus allocating funds to promote more sustainable management</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/293" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Strombus gigas</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Queen conch </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-parts-prods field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of parts/products taken</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Three different products are obtained from the queen conch fishery: the conch fillet, conch pearls and conch shells</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/298" hreflang="en">Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)</div> <div class="field__item">Income generation from trade at individual or household or community</div> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Conch pearls are considered jewelry, and therefore are by far the most valued of the conch products, while the conch shells are decorative pieces</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/311" hreflang="en">Ornamentation, decoration and apparel</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-amount field--type-float field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Amount</div> <div class="field__item">6960.00</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-units-of-measurement field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Units Of Measurement</div> <div class="field__item"> conch pearls legally exported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-time-period-over field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Time period over which this has been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">2000-2008</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/331" hreflang="en">Increasing</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/317" hreflang="en">Yes, formal but regular non compliance</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The queen conch is legally harvested in Colombia by free diving. The use of any autonomous diving gear is prohibited. The fishing unit consists in one canoe and three fishermen, one operator and two divers</p> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>According to the CITES national office (Vladimir Puentes, personal communication), the proportion of legal exports of conch fillet between en 2000 and 2004 totaled 571.5 mt and represented an annual increa- sed of 10%, with Miami and New York as the major destination (Figure 7). During the time of CITES export restriction imposed in Honduras and the Dominican Republic, it estimated that approximately 29.3 mt of illegally harvested queen conch was transshipped through Colombia, and in precaution a complete closure of the fishery was ordered in 2004, until better controls on illegal trade can be implemented.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/344" hreflang="en">South America</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Colombia</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-state field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub region/state</div> <div class="field__item">San Andres Archipelago </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> <div class="field__item">International private sector</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Conch fillet is the most commonly traded product in international markets, with approximately 90% of the harvest being exported. National consumption of the queen conch meat was estimated in 5% of national fish production (Gallo y Valderrama 1995), but most probably this percentage has increased since then.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/325" hreflang="en">Some use is legal and some is illegal</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Prada, M. et al. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies WG 9 – Aquatic Invertebrates: Non-detrimental Findings For The Queen Conch (Strombus gigas) In Colombia.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/252" hreflang="en">Sub-national</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/49" hreflang="en">Colombia</a></div> </div> Wed, 02 Feb 2022 15:55:46 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 111 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/109 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hunting_African Lion_Tanzania</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 15:01</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-02T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Non-detriment Report Under Cites Regarding The Export Of African Lions Panthera Leo From The United Republic Of Tanzania</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Uncommon but wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/329" hreflang="en">CMS listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Lions are protected throughout the country, and it is the policy of the Government to conserve them both inside and outside protected areas as part of the countries biological heritage (Wildlife Conservation Act, 1974);</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/279" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/281" hreflang="en">Conflict and War</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-site-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Threats to Lion in Tanzania are limited/reversible.<br /> There are four types of non-natural mortality of lions in Tanzania on the based on research records, District Problem-Animal files and Wildlife Division Hunting records; Problem-animal control (PAC), ritual hunting, tourist hunting and road kills</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The main threats to Lions are indiscriminate killing (primarily as a result of retaliatory or pre-emptive killing to protect human life and livestock) and prey base depletion. Habitat loss and conversion has led to a number of subpopulations becoming small and isolated (Bauer et al. 2008). Furthermore, trophy hunting has a net positive impact in a some areas, but may have at times contributed to population declines in Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Packer et al. 2009, 2011, 2013), Cameroon (Croes et al. 2011) and Zambia (Rosenblatt et al. 2014).</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Panthera leo</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">African Lion </div> <div class="field__item">Simba</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/296" hreflang="en">Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Recreational</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/309" hreflang="en">Speciment collecting, including hunting/fishing trophies</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-amount field--type-float field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Amount</div> <div class="field__item">193.00</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-units-of-measurement field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Units Of Measurement</div> <div class="field__item">lions harvested annually from a quota of 320</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-time-period-over field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Time period over which this has been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">2000-2007</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/315" hreflang="en">Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Harvesting of lions in Tanzania is controlled through the Wildlife Conservation Act (1974) and Hunting Regulations (2002).</p> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Illegal harvest and trade in lion body parts are rare nationally (9 skins impounded between 2000-7), making it difficult to estimate through meaningful quantitative measures. These numbers are not considered when setting quotas, as numbers are regarded low and insignificant.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/346" hreflang="en">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Tanzania</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>lions are harvested for trophy by foreign tourists hunters that must export them.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The harvest management regime in place insures that no lions are hunted by resident hunters and that only tourist hunters are permit- ted and in designated areas. The regime also insures that the tourist hunter’s harvest is limited (in quantity and quality) by a quota system. Approximately 193 lions were harvested annually from a quota of 320 between 2000-7, meeting 63.3% of harvest requirement. Regression analyses for key lion populations have shown significantly, positive linear relationships between quotas and offtake/harvest. A visual presentation by graphs of relationships between quotas and harvest/off- take are given in ANNEX II to show current non-detriment effects in Tanzania. These findings suggest current harvest levels have had no- detriment effects to the lion population in Tanzania.<br /> In conclusion, the requirements for a non-detriment finding are met with the management regime put in place by the Wildlife Division.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-policy-legisln field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Supportive policy and legislative framework </div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-support-from-government field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Support from Government</div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-gain field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">High financial returns from use</div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-mgmnt-plan field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan </div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/321" hreflang="en">Legal under national law</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Ikanda, D.K. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies WG 5 – Mammals: Non-detriment Report Under Cites Regarding The Export Of African Lions Panthera Leo From The United Republic Of Tanzania.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/290" hreflang="en">Direct Persecution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/415" hreflang="en">Vulnerable (VU)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered sustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/654" hreflang="en">Tanzania</a></div> </div> Wed, 02 Feb 2022 15:01:25 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 109 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/107 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Hunting_Narwhal_Greenland</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 09:43</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-02T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Wed, 02/02/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Primary Producer/harvester (<em>e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Greenland, Narwhal (Monodon Monoceros)</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/329" hreflang="en">CMS listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Greenland Red List, “Critically endangered” in West Greenland and data deficient in East Greenland.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/283" hreflang="en">Energy Production and Mining</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/288" hreflang="en">Transportation and Service Corridors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Monodon monoceros</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Narwhal </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/296" hreflang="en">Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Meat and skin are consumed locally or distributed within Greenland. Tusks are generally sold and resold by a number of intermediaries. Tusks reach the final consumer both as whole tusks and pieces used for artwork.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/311" hreflang="en">Ornamentation, decoration and apparel</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/315" hreflang="en">Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The meat, skin and tusks are sold legally within Greenland. The skin is considered a delicacy with high cultural value and high demand within Greenland. Prior to the export ban in 2006, tusks, and artwork from tusks, where exported legally, mainly as personal items bought in Greenland. Export is now prohibited</p> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>To our knowledge, there are no statistics about narwhal products smuggled out of Greenland. But given the lack of systematic control in harbours and airports, it is not impossible that a number of narwhal items leave the island unnoticed.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/348" hreflang="en">Arctic Sea</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Greenland</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>We have been unable to provide a positive NDF for narwhals in Greenland because the catches in the west are larger than what was recommended by the Scientific Working Group of the JCNB. The current recommended takes are much lower than the catches before the introduction of quotas, and hunters are very reluctant to accept such a large reduction; they encounter narwhals often and consider them abundant. In the end, the government sets quotas that are a compromise between the scientific advice and the hunter’s knowledge. in accordance with the precautionary principle, the current biological advice is conservative.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/321" hreflang="en">Legal under national law</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Witting, L., Ugarte, F., Heide-Jørgensen, M.P. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies WG 5 – Mammals: Greenland, Narwhal (Monodon Monoceros).</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">Least Concern (LC)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered unsustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/87" hreflang="en">Greenland</a></div> </div> Wed, 02 Feb 2022 09:43:31 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 107 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/101 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Harvesting_Nile Crocodile_Kenya</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Tue, 02/01/2022 - 08:43</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-02-01T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Tue, 02/01/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species sourced from the wild but reared/cultivated in a managed site (<em>e.g., cultivated wild specimens, eggs/juveniles from the wild</em>)</div> <div class="field__item">Wild species born/bred and raised/produced in captivity or through artificial propagation (<em>e.g., activities such as closed-cycle breeding, horticulture or aquaculture</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Entire value chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>CITES NDF Studies On Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus Niloticus): The Status Of And Trade In The Nile Crocodile In Kenya,</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Stable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Common and wildly distributed</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Hunting and dealership in wildlife and wildlife products have been outlawed in Kenya by an Act of Parliament since 1977</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/283" hreflang="en">Energy Production and Mining</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/289" hreflang="en">Disease</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/290" hreflang="en">Direct Persecution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-site-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Threat to Nile crocodile in Kenya include loss of its habitat as a result of human population encroachment, erosion and loss of nesting areas and riparian habitats as rivers change their courses due to land degradation upstream, persecution as a result of human-wildlife conflict and in a limited way egg collection for ranching operations for commercial trade. During drought in some of the arid and semi-arid land, people and crocodiles increasingly come into contact within the rivers/lakes that are sources of water and fish thus causing resource use conflicts. Results of such conflicts are normally human and livestock deaths caused by the crocodiles and or persecution of the crocodiles by human beings.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Crocodylus niloticus</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Nile crocodile</div> <div class="field__item">Mamba</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/296" hreflang="en">Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/311" hreflang="en">Ornamentation, decoration and apparel</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/315" hreflang="en">Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-rights-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant</div> <div class="field__item"><p>No cases of illegal trade in crocodiles and their products have been reported in the recent past.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/346" hreflang="en">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Kenya</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> <div class="field__item">International private sector</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Utilization of Nile crocodile in Kenya is commercial based on ranched specimens in accordance with CITES Res. Conf. 11.16. The parts utilized include meat for food that is utilized locally and sold through outlets authorized and regulated by the Management authority and the skin that is solely for export markets for leather industry.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/321" hreflang="en">Legal under national law</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Kyalo, S. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies<br /> WG 7 – Reptiles and Amphibians: NDF Studies On Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus Niloticus): The Status Of And Trade In The Nile Crocodile In Kenya.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/280" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Hunting</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/290" hreflang="en">Direct Persecution</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/419" hreflang="en">Not Evaluated (NE)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">Least Concern (LC)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/116" hreflang="en">Kenya</a></div> </div> Tue, 01 Feb 2022 08:43:59 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 101 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/94 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fishing_European Eel_Sweden</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Mon, 01/31/2022 - 12:10</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-01-31T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Mon, 01/31/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">“Grey” literature (<em>e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed</em>))</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Non Detriment Findings For The European Eel - The Swedish Case</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Decreasing</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect-inplace field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">International Level</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/328" hreflang="en">CITES listing</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/329" hreflang="en">CMS listing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect-details field--type-text field--label-hidden field__item"><p>; the Species Protection Act 2007:845, as a species of national interest. The Species Protection Act 2007:845 prescribes that operations trading live specimens listed on (CITES appendix I or II) must have a license of operation</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/279" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/283" hreflang="en">Energy Production and Mining</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/288" hreflang="en">Transportation and Service Corridors</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/289" hreflang="en">Disease</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-site-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In Sweden the eel is under the same threats are as in most countries, viz. a high fishing mortality, inaccessibility to suitable growing areas, obstacles for both up- as downstream migration and high mortalities on hydropower screens and in turbines. In addition come POPs and several diseases and parasites. Among the latter, the introduced swim bladder parasite, Anguillicola crassus, does probably pose a significant hazard to a successful reproduction.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Anguilla anguilla is susceptible to a number of natural and anthropogenic threats. These threats include but are not limited to; barriers to migration, climate change, habitat loss/degradation, invasive species, parasitism, pollution, predation and unsustainable exploitation (Drouineau et al. 2018). The occurrence and significance of these threats varies considerably from area to area across the species range. The significance of any single threat, or the synergy it may have with other threats is still poorly understood (Dekker 2004, Jacoby et al. 2015, Miller et al. 2016). It is therefore important to highlight that management measures focusing on a single threat, in isolation of other identified pressures (listed below), are less likely to have a significant positive effect on the stock than a combined approach.<br /> As a fat, long lived, semelparous fish species eels also accumula- te a wide range of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as DDT, PCBs, and dioxins, which is known to disturb their reproductive success.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Anguilla anguilla</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">European Eel</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Extractive (<em>i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment</em>)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-lethal-nonlethal field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If extractive, for the target species, is this use</div> <div class="field__item">Lethal</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-take-extraction field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does this use involve take/extraction of</div> <div class="field__item">The whole entire organism</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-extrtv-use-mode field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How is the primary use carried out?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/298" hreflang="en">Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Largescale commercial exploitation for trade</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>direct consumption as well as to be used as seed in aquaculture both in Europe and in e.g. China.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/334" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/317" hreflang="en">Yes, formal but regular non compliance</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>With today’s legislation the fishermen still allowed to catch eels are obliged to report their catch using a logbook system. From the recreational fishery that still is allowed, i.e. upstream three hydropower turbines only eels that are sold in any quantities are reported to the Board of Fisheries. In parallel with the logbook system there is also a system based on contract notes drawn up by wholesale traders buying eels from the fishermen.<br /> Being a fairly well paid species, eels are often traded outside the legal frames</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/338" hreflang="en">Europe</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Sweden</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">National / local private sector</div> <div class="field__item">International private sector</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-all-users field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">If more than one box ticked, please provide more details</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Eels are used for human consumption and there is a large-scale international market where Japan, followed by Korea and Hongkong are the main consumers of most eel species taken together. From Sweden most eels are exported live, fresh or frozen to The Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/321" hreflang="en">Legal under national law</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Wickström, H. (n.d.) NDF Workshop Case Studies Wg 8 – Fishes: Non Detriment Findings For The European Eel - The Swedish Case.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/277" hreflang="en">Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/282" hreflang="en">Residential and Commercial Development</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/289" hreflang="en">Disease</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/291" hreflang="en">Invasive Species</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/253" hreflang="en">National Level</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/413" hreflang="en">Critically Endangered (CR)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/413" hreflang="en">Critically Endangered (CR)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No assessment has been recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/216" hreflang="en">Sweden</a></div> </div> Mon, 31 Jan 2022 12:10:34 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 94 at https://speciesusedatabase.com https://speciesusedatabase.com/node/86 <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Angling_Tigerfish_Botswana</span> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Emma_Hemmerle</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden">Thu, 01/27/2022 - 10:22</span> <div class="field field--name-field-aff field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Affiliation</div> <div class="field__item">IIED</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-entry-date field--type-datetime field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Date Of Record Entry</div> <div class="field__item"><time datetime="2022-01-27T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Thu, 01/27/2022 - 12:00</time> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of wild species covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Wild species used in its natural habitat</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-val-chain field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Stage of the value chain covered by the record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Primary Producer/harvester (<em>e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-source field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Record Source</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Scientific publication (<em>e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed</em>)</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-sum-rec field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Physiological Response to Angling of Africa&#039;s Premier Freshwater Angling Species, the Tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rl-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-endemic field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the species endemic HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-status field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Status</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-int-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">No formal international protection in place</div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">National Level</div> <div class="field__item">Formal national protection in place</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-threat field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/276" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/284" hreflang="en">Climate Change</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/285" hreflang="en">Pollution</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/287" hreflang="en">Dams and other System Modifications</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/292" hreflang="en">Illegal/Unregulated Fishing</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-pop-trend field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Population Trend</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subnat-spp-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Sub-national Level</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-glob-threats field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>It has declined in some rivers in southern Africa due to pollution, water abstraction and obstructions that prevent passage, such as dams and weirs. Unregulated gillnet fisheries locally threaten the species. Juveniles form an increasing component of the catches of fishers as other more valuable food fishes are fished out, most notably on the Barotse floodplains (D. Tweddle pers. obs. 2017). East African populations are threatened by heavy fishing pressure, silt loading due to agricultural activities or deforestation, and pollution due to pesticides for agricultural use. Threats in other regions are not known.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Emma Hemmerlé</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-species field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--species paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="field field--name-field-sci-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Scientific Name</div> <div class="field__item">Hydrocynus vittatus</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-comm-name field--type-string field--label-inline clearfix"> <div class="field__label">Common Name(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Tigerfish</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-type field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Type of Use</div> <div class="field__item">Non-Extractive</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-target-traits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-purpose field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Purpose of Use</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item">Recreational</div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-purpose-use field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Hydrocynus vittatus is not popular as an eating fish and is generally not kept by recreational fisherman; however, it does form the basis of the catch-and-release (C&amp;R) fishery in the Okavango Delta.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-end-use field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/304" hreflang="en">Food for People</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-offtake-trend field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/331" hreflang="en">Increasing</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gov-legal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use? </div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/315" hreflang="en">Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-regime field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Additional Details (if available)</div> <div class="field__item"><p>In Botswana a recreational angling licence is a requirement for anglers visiting the area. The license stipulates that only five fish, regardless of species, may be kept daily. The remainder (including all juvenile and undersized fish) must be released.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-land field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Geographic Location</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/346" hreflang="en">Sub-Saharan Africa</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-country field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country</div> <div class="field__item">Botswana</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-name field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Name</div> <div class="field__item">Panhandle of Okavango Delta</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-site-desc field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Site Description</div> <div class="field__item"><p>The Okavango Delta is a subtropical floodplain, situated at the northern end of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana (Figure 1). During the seasonal floods, the delta fluctuates between 12 000–15 000 km2, and during the dry season between 6 000–8 000 km2 (Merron and Mann 1995). The study area (Figure 1) was situated in the panhandle region of the Okavango, just north of the Delta itself, close to the town of Shakawe and is characterised by slow-flowing, meandering water.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-legal-protect field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the site legally/formally protected?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-site-tenure field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Ownership</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/369" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-management field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Management</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/373" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-prim-users field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item">Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)</div> <div class="field__item">National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> <div class="field__item">International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-strategy-cons field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-impact field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE</div> <div class="field__item">No – no clear evidence of the impact of use compared to other factors influencing</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-nat-select field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-poaching-iwt field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade? </div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not reported</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impact-other-spp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-habitat-impact field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-details-use-sus-assess field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Details of assessment carried out</div> <div class="field__item"><p>Angling and handling times along with nutritional status were likely influential factors in the range of glucose, cortisol and especially lactate levels in this study. These data suggest that C&amp;R causes physiological stress to tigerfish, but could nonetheless be a valuable fisheries management tool, ensuring the sustainability of fish populations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-flows field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded</div> <div class="field__item">No</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-revenue-gdp field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Contribution to GDP</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-food field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Food</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-energy field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Energy</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Medicine/healthcare</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-education field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Education</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-skills field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Training/Skills</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-rights field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Land/Resource Rights</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-decision-making field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Decision Making</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-social-cohesion field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Social Cohesion</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-people field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- people</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-conflict-wildlife field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Conflict- wildlife</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-climate-change field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Climate Change</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/377" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welfare field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-spp-disease-risk field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-impacts-anim-welf field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-practises field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-risk-pathogen field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-health-welf-sus-assess field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> <div class="field field--name-field-finance-gain field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">High financial returns from use</div> <div class="field__item">Present</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-bio-spp field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Biological characteristics of target species</div> <div class="field__item">Absent</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-legal-nonlegal field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is this use legal or illegal?</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/326" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-ref field--type-text-long field--label-inline"> <div class="field__label">Source Reference(s)</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><p>Gerber, R., Howatson, G., Greenfield, R., Wagenaar, I., &amp; Smit, N. (2017). Physiological response to angling of Africa’s premier freshwater angling species, the tigerfish Hydrocynus vittatus. African Zoology, 52(2), 91-98. doi: 10.1080/15627020.2017.1300069</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-threats-pressures-impactin field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/293" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Who is involved in the use?</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/383" hreflang="en">Unknown/Not Recorded</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-gender-age field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-local-jobs-categ field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonlocal-jobs-category field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">How many people outside the local area are employed</div> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--jobs-demographic paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-econ-benefits field--type-list-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs</div> <div class="field__item">Unknown/Not recorded</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-scale-of-assess field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Scale of Assessment</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/251" hreflang="en">Individual Site</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nat-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN National Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">Least Concern (LC)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-glob-rl-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">IUCN Global Red List Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/417" hreflang="en">Least Concern (LC)</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-green-stat-categ field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Green Status Global Category</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/420" hreflang="en">Indeterminate</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-yearly-fin-details field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Yearly Financial Flows</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--financial-flow paragraph--view-mode--default"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-nonextrtv-use-mode-other field--type-string field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Other</div> <div class="field__item">catch-and-release</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-socio-econ-sus-ass-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Sustainability not determined</div> <div class="field field--name-field-use-sus-assess-new field--type-list-string field--label-hidden field__item">Yes, considered sustainable</div> <div class="field field--name-field-country-reference field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Country reference</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/taxonomy/term/30" hreflang="en">Botswana</a></div> </div> Thu, 27 Jan 2022 10:22:53 +0000 Emma_Hemmerle 86 at https://speciesusedatabase.com