Trophy Hunting_Lion_Zambia

Emma_Hemmerle — Thu, 13 Jan 2022 16:18:28 +0000

Trophy Hunting_Lion_Zambia Emma_Hemmerle Thu, 01/13/2022 - 16:18

Fri, 01/01/2016 - 12:00

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Thu, 01/13/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Assessing the sustainability of African lion trophy hunting, with recommendations for policy

Decreasing

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Unknown/not recorded

Formal international protection in place

International Level

CITES listing

CMS listing

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Agriculture

Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation

Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction

Illegal/Unregulated Hunting

Residential and Commercial Development

Pollution

Population Trend

Decreasing

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

The main threats to Lions are indiscriminate killing (primarily as a result of retaliatory or pre-emptive killing to protect human life and livestock) and prey base depletion. Habitat loss and conversion has led to a number of subpopulations becoming small and isolated (Bauer et al. 2008). Furthermore, trophy hunting has a net positive impact in a some areas, but may have at times contributed to population declines in Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe (Packer et al. 2009, 2011, 2013), Cameroon (Croes et al. 2011) and Zambia (Rosenblatt et al. 2014).

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Panthera leo

Common Name(s)

Lion

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

The whole entire organism

How is the primary use carried out?

Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Recreational

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Speciment collecting, including hunting/fishing trophies

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Yes, formal (e.g., quotas, viewing or catch-size limits) and complied with

Additional Details (if available)

Zambian government recently closed trophy hunting for three years to allow a period of recovery in both population size and age structure.

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Zambia

Sub region/state

Luangwa Valley

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)

International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)

National / local private sector

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing)

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out

To implement sustainable trophy hunting while maintaining revenue for conservation of hunting areas, our results suggest that hunting fees must increase as a consequence of diminished supply. Our results (Fig. 3) strongly support the prior inference that restricting harvest to males above a certain age increases the sustainability of lion hunting; However, our results do not support the suggestion that restriction of hunting to males of age six or older will reliably yield sustainable offtake in the absence of other restrictions, with the conditions typified by Luangwa Valley lions. the probability of extirpation was essentially certain if males as young as four years were allowed to be hunted (as has recently been the case in SLNP, where of 12 known individuals shot by hunters between 2008 and 2012 the median age was 4.86 yr; For trophy hunting to be sustainable under the condi- tions that most lions now experience, modifications to policy must reduce total mortality.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded

Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment

A clear policy recommendation obtained from this study is that the fee for lion hunting should be increased comparably, if it is expected to yield ecologically and economically sustainable trophy hunting. staged fees could also be put into place, so that the full amount is only charged if a lion is shot. Our results strongly suggest that lion hunting fees have been too low to promote truly sustainable hunting.

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management

Absent

Supportive policy and legislative framework

Absent

Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements

Absent

Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional

Absent

Support from NGOs

Absent

Support from Government

Absent

High financial returns from use

Absent

Abundant population of target species

Absent

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Capacity building of community

Absent

Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan

Absent

Effective private sector approach engagement through certification

Absent

Good Market Strategies

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Legal under national law

Source Reference(s)

Creel, S., M’soka, J., Dröge, E., Rosenblatt, E., Becker, M. S., Matandiko, W., & Simpamba, T. (2016). Assessing the sustainability of African lion trophy hunting, with recommendations for policy. Ecological Applications, 26(7), 2347–2357. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24818193

Hunting resulted in population declines over a 25-yr period for all continuous harvest strategies, with large declines for quotas >1 lion/concession (~0.5 lion/1,000 km2) and hunting of males younger than seven years. A strategy that combined periods of recovery, an age limit of ≥7 yr, and a maximum quota of ~0.5 lions shot/1,000 km2 yielded a risk of extirpation <10%. a clear decline over time in the number of harvestable males is apparent for most scenarios.

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation

Illegal/Unregulated Hunting

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment