Mozambique

Harvesting_Madagascar cycad_Mozambique

Emma_Hemmerle — Wed, 02 Feb 2022 14:55:03 +0000

Harvesting_Madagascar cycad_Mozambique Emma_Hemmerle Wed, 02/02/2022 - 14:55

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Wed, 02/02/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Unknown/not recorded

Record Source

“Grey” literature (e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed))

Final Report On A Research On Distribution, Population Size Classes, Reproduction Status, Threats And Management Options For C.i.t.e.s. Non-detriment Findings Of Cycas thouarsii In Mozambique

Stable

Is the species endemic HIDE

Population Status

Uncommon but wildly distributed

Unknown/not recorded

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Unknown/Not Recorded

Additional Details (if available)

This project has identified few threats to the species. 1. Erosion as occurred at Timbué light house (Zambezi river mouth) (See photo below) which destroyed the known Herbarium vouchers specimens on site; 2. Urban expansion - example of one old plant cut for market expansion at Matilde village (Zambezi delta); 3. Uncontrolled fires that affected the plants at Luabo village. Accounts indicated a sustainable use of its sap as glue for paper.

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Additional Details (if available)

There are no major threats to this species, although plants would have been impacted in places by collectors, coastal developments (tourist resorts, urban expansion) and agricultural expansion (small-holder crops).

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Cycas thouarsii

Common Name(s)

Madagascar cycad

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)

Details of parts/products taken

use of sap as glue for paper

How is the primary use carried out?

Gathering/Cutting/Collecting Terrestrial Plants and Fungi or Their Products From the Wild

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Building/construction

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Increasing

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Mozambique

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Unknown/not recorded

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Bandeira, S. (n.d.) Final Report On A Research On Distribution, Population Size Classes, Reproduction Status, Threats And Management Options For C.i.t.e.s. Non-detriment Findings Of Cycas thouarsii In Mozambique. Available from:

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Residential and Commercial Development

Fire

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

National Level

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Least Concern (LC)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

Other

The absence of male plants

No assessment recorded

No assessment has been recorded

Country reference

Mozambique

Harvesting_Pepper-bark Tree_Mozambique

Emma_Hemmerle — Thu, 06 Jan 2022 14:23:33 +0000

Harvesting_Pepper-bark Tree_Mozambique Emma_Hemmerle Thu, 01/06/2022 - 14:23

Tue, 01/01/2019 - 12:00

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Thu, 01/06/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree (Warburgia salutaris) in Southern Mozambique

Unknown/not recorded

Is the species endemic HIDE

Unknown

Population Status

Common and wildly distributed

Unknown/not recorded

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Almost equal proportions of respondents said that there were (39%) or there were not (43%) any restrictions regarding who can collect pepper- bark.

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Agriculture

Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction

Residential and Commercial Development

Population Trend

Decreasing

Sub-national Level

Formal sub-national protection in place

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Warburgia salutaris

Common Name(s)

Pepper-bark tree

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)

Details of parts/products taken

Bark stripping, mostly.

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Unknown/not recorded

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Food for People

Medicine/Pharmaceutical (human/veterinary)

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Additional Details (if available)

The results indicated that there were no local restrictions in the three areas on who collects W. salutaris, the plant parts collected, harvesting season, and gathering time of day.

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Mozambique

Sub region/state

Southern Mozambique

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out

Additional information on species demography, harvest impact, and post-harvest bark recovery rate area is required.
The results revealed that most respondents harvested only small amounts of plant material and relatively infrequently. results also suggest that the bark trade is still practiced and is a potential threat in the study area
We believe that W. salutaris is at this time sustainably exploited in some parts of the study area, but that during the civil war, this was likely not the case. To ensure that the species is sustainably exploited into the future, considerations should be given to activities that encourage conservation and contribute to people’s livelihoods.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Medicine/healthcare

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

The tree is used to treat a number of ailments including the common cold, sinus and chest complaints (van Wyk and Wink 2004), inflammation of the gums, throat problems, and mouth sores.
W. salutaris is a key NTFP within local livelihoods, supporting the health of most house- holds as well as providing cash incomes for some through their involvement in trading W. salutaris bark locally and farther afield

Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded

No assessment recorded

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management

Absent

Supportive policy and legislative framework

Absent

Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements

Absent

Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional

Absent

Support from NGOs

Absent

Support from Government

Absent

High financial returns from use

Absent

Abundant population of target species

Absent

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Capacity building of community

Absent

Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan

Absent

Effective private sector approach engagement through certification

Absent

Good Market Strategies

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Some use is legal and some is illegal

Source Reference(s)

Senkoro, A.M., Shackleton, C.M., Voeks, R.A. et al. Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree (Warburgia salutaris) in Southern Mozambique. Econ Bot 73, 304–324 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-019-09468-x

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Yes

Scale of Assessment

Sub-national

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)