Madagascar

Harvesting_Grandidier’s baobab_Madagascar

Emma_Hemmerle — Fri, 07 Jan 2022 14:37:14 +0000

Harvesting_Grandidier’s baobab_Madagascar Emma_Hemmerle Fri, 01/07/2022 - 14:37

Sun, 12/01/2019 - 12:00

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Fri, 01/07/2022 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in its natural habitat

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Entire value chain

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Bark harvesting: a potential threat for the Grandidier’s baobab Adansonia grandidieri in western Madagascar

Decreasing

Is the species endemic HIDE

Yes

Population Status

Common but only within narrow areas of distribution

Formal international protection in place

International Level

CITES listing

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species

Agriculture

Illegal/Unregulated Logging and Wood Extraction

Residential and Commercial Development

Pollution

Fire

Population Trend

Stable

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Adansonia grandidieri

Common Name(s)

Grandidier’s baobab

Renala

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)

Details of parts/products taken

bark harvesting

sometimes lethal: "We also ob- served 41 baobab trees that had been deliberately felled for bark extraction"

How is the primary use carried out?

Gathering/Cutting/Collecting Terrestrial Plants and Fungi or Their Products From the Wild

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Yes

Large trees with a total bark surface of 14.8 ± 0.3 m2 were preferred for bark extraction; Smaller trees with a total bark surface below 13.2 ± 0.4 m2 were left intact.

Purpose of Use

Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)

Additional Details (if available)

the bark is used to make ropes

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Building/construction

Amount

9800.00

Units Of Measurement

Grandidier’s baobab trees have been affected by debarking

Time period over which this has been recorded

over a period of 10 months between 2013 and 2014

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Madagascar

Sub region/state

Western Madagascar

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out

This study showed that more than half of the Grandidier’s baobab trees in the wild have been subject to bark extraction. Since only part of the bark has been removed, the trees are still standing many years after the extraction. However, we started to observe intensive harvesting which consists in cutting down the trees to remove all the bark. If this practise continues, it will cause the de- cline of the species in the short term
On one hand, community members argue that bark removal do not harm the baobab trees while they agree that bark does not regenerate. However, in the wild, the baobabs are still standing. On the other hand, scientists advocate that bark harvesting might represent a threat to the trees as they are more exposed to ecological and climatic threats; Other studies in Africa reported that bark harvesting affects negatively the survival of baobab trees ;

In this paper, it is estimated that if this demand for bark remains constant, all baobab trees in the Menabe region would be debarked within the next 39 years. This could result in local extinction of the species in the near future, thus pointing out that as it is, the practice is unsustainable.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded

No assessment recorded

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management

Absent

Supportive policy and legislative framework

Absent

Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements

Absent

Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional

Absent

Support from NGOs

Absent

Support from Government

Absent

High financial returns from use

Absent

Abundant population of target species

Absent

Biological characteristics of target species

Absent

Capacity building of community

Absent

Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan

Absent

Effective private sector approach engagement through certification

Absent

Good Market Strategies

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Source Reference(s)

Andriafidison, A., Raveloson, C. O., Mananjara, W. S., Razafimanahaka, J. H. 2019. Bark harvesting: a threat for the Grandidier’s baobab Adansonia grandidieri in western Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development 1 4, 1 : 6–1 1 . http://dx.doi.org/1 0.431 4/mcd.v1 4i1 .3

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record

Agriculture

Habitat Loss and Enviromental Degredation

Land Use Change

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

Sub-national

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Endangered (EN)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

Yes, considered unsustainable

Country reference

Madagascar

Keeping_Ring-tailed lemurs_Madagascar

Emma_Hemmerle — Mon, 03 Jan 2022 08:55:00 +0000

Keeping_Ring-tailed lemurs_Madagascar Emma_Hemmerle Mon, 01/03/2022 - 08:55

Tue, 01/01/2019 - 12:00

Affiliation

IIED

Date Of Record Entry

Thu, 12/30/2021 - 12:00

Type of wild species covered by the record

Wild species used in significantly modified habitat (e.g., oil palm plantations, rice paddies)

Stage of the value chain covered by the record

Unknown/not recorded

Record Source

Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Assessment of Illegal Trade of Wild-Captured Lemur catta for keeping within Madagascar.

Decreasing

Is the species endemic HIDE

Yes

Population Status

Uncommon and only found within narrow areas of distribution

Unknown/not recorded

National Level

Unknown/not recorded

Population Trend

Unknown/not recorded

Sub-national Level

Unknown/not recorded

Name

Emma Hemmerlé

Scientific Name

Lemur catta

Common Name(s)

Ring-tailed lemur

Type of Use

Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)

If extractive, for the target species, is this use

Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of

The whole entire organism

How is the primary use carried out?

Hunting and/or Trapping of live Terrestrial and Aerial Animals

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?

Yes

there is some evidence that infant individuals might be more highly targeted for capture, especially during high touristic season.

Purpose of Use

Income generation from trade at individual or household or community

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?

Keeping, display or breeding live animals and plants (e.g., pets, horticulture, zoos, botanic gardens)

Amount

286.00

Units Of Measurement

recorded specimens of captive ring-tailed lemurs by interview respondents

Time period over which this has been recorded

from reports from prior to 2005 to 2016

What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?

Decreasing

Is there a regulatory or customary regime in place to govern this use?

Geographic Location

Sub-Saharan Africa

Country

Madagascar

Is the site legally/formally protected?

Unknown/not recorded

Ownership

Unknown/Not Recorded

Management

Unknown/Not Recorded

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)

International external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)

If more than one box ticked, please provide more details

locals are the pet keepers, while external tourists are the ones interacting with the pets, and sometimes even incentivizing businesses owners to keep lemurs as pets.

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?

Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?

Unknown/not recorded

Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?

Unknown/not reported

Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species

Unknown/not recorded

Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out

Population growth modeling suggests that known capture rates may be sustainable in all but small populations of 500 individuals and when infants/juveniles are targeted. However, of the seven remaining populations of L. catta with more than 100 individuals, only one is known to contain more than 500 animals, and we present evidence here that infants/juveniles are targeted. Results obtained with transition matrix data report that the extraction rates documented here (i.e., 184 individuals between 2011 and 2016)
are not likely to impact remaining L. catta; however, there are a number of additional factors that must be considered that are likely to falsify these interpretations.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded

Contribution to GDP

Unknown/not recorded

Food

Energy

Education

Training/Skills

Land/Resource Rights

Decision Making

Conflict- people

Conflict- wildlife

Climate Change

Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded

No assessment recorded

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?

Unknown/not recorded

Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?

Unknown/not recorded

Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?

Unknown/not recorded

Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?

Unknown/not recorded

Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management

Absent

Supportive policy and legislative framework

Absent

Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements

Absent

Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional

Absent

Support from NGOs

Absent

Support from Government

Absent

High financial returns from use

Present

Abundant population of target species

Absent

Biological characteristics of target species

Present

Capacity building of community

Absent

Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan

Absent

Effective private sector approach engagement through certification

Absent

Good Market Strategies

Absent

Is this use legal or illegal?

Illegal under national law

Source Reference(s)

LaFleur, M. (2019) Illegal Trade of Wild-Captured Lemur catta within Madagascar. Folia Primatologica, 90:199–214.

Who is involved in the use?

Unknown/Not Recorded

Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles

Unknown/not recorded

How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?

How many people outside the local area are employed

Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs

Unknown/Not recorded

Scale of Assessment

National Level

IUCN National Red List Category

Not Evaluated (NE)

IUCN Global Red List Category

Endangered (EN)

Green Status Global Category

Indeterminate

Yearly Financial Flows

Country reference

Madagascar