Species Use Database

Ghaap, Bitter ghaap, Xhoba, Hoodia
Hoodia gordonii

Used for Medicine and hygiene in South Africa

A. Species

Scientific name: Hoodia gordonii

Common name(s): Ghaap, Bitter ghaap, Xhoba, Hoodia

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status:


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • South Africa

Country/Region:


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: National Level

Name/Details of location: South Africa


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 2007

End Year: 2007


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Gathering/Cutting/Collecting terrestrial plants and fungi or their products from the wild

Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal and Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Medicine and hygiene

Motivation of use: Income generation from trade (individual/household/community), Largescale commercial exploitation for trade and Traditional/Cultural/Spiritual

Is this use legal or illegal?: Some use is legal and some is illegal and not recorded


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people, National / local government, National / local private sector and International private sector


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: CITES Non detrimental findings

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined

Details of assessment carried out: Published scientific literature

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The San, who are credited with the discovery oh H. gordonii as an appetite suppressant have received no acknowledgment for their intellectual contribution. While H. gordonii was under going the patenting process, the San were struggling in communities with limited resources. No significant royalties have been provided to the San.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined

Details of assessment carried out: Published scientific literature

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: H. gordonii has been used by the San people of Southern Africa as an appetite suppressant, thirst quencher, a cure for abdominal cramps, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, indigestion, hypertension and as an antidiabetic. However there is little data on H. gordonii's mechanism of action.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2007-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

Lee, R.A. and Balick, M.J., 2007. Indigenous use of Hoodia gordonii and appetite suppression. Explore, 3(4), pp.404-406.

Date of record entry: 2025-04-11