Species Use Database

Greenlip abalone
Haliotis laevigata

Used for Food and feed in South Australia

A. Species

Scientific name: Haliotis laevigata

Common name(s): Greenlip abalone

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Vulnerable


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • South Australia

Country/Region: Australia


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: Sub-national / Sub-region / Sub-State

Name/Details of location: Offshore from Southern Australia


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 1968

End Year: 2008


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources

Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Food and feed

Motivation of use: Basic subsistence, Income generation from trade (individual/household/community) and Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people and National / local private sector


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: Data provided in this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Commercial Logbook Catch and Effort Data, Length-Frequency Distribution of the Commercial Catch, and Fishery-Independent Dive Surveys of Greenlip Density at Principal Fishing Sites analysed in this study show that abalone numbers are stable: 1. Total catches from the WZ have been consistent for >20 years, reflecting the stable TACCs (>200 t.yr−1) over this period. 2. Levels of production from each of the key FAs have been stable (or increased) over the last 20 years, as have catches from the 11 metapopulations, encompassing both inshore and offshore areas, which have consistently comprised >70% of the catch. Relative catches from remaining FAs and nearly all remaining metapopulations have varied among years, with no evidence of a long-term trend, in response to changing diver preferences and market demands, and natural variations in abalone abundance. 3. Long-term, fishery-independent estimates of legal-sized and sub-legal-sized greenlip density, while limited to the four key fishing grounds in the two most important FAs from ∼1990, are stable or increasing. Additional, recently established survey sites in FAs 8 and 14 will increase the spatial coverage of this monitoring program. 4. Catches are dominated by medium and large greenlip, indicating an absence of a reliance on recruits to the fishery (i.e., knife-edged selection). 5. Fishery-independent surveys show high proportions of small, legal-sized greenlip that are not present in the catch. 6. The absence of weak length classes in data from fishery-independent surveys suggests that recruitment is relatively consistent among years . 7. While catch rates on abalone can be insensitive to changing biomass, primarily by underestimating declines, CPUE and MDC increased across the fishery between 1997 and 2005 in the absence of a detectable increase in effective effort, and current levels are among the highest on record.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Management of abalone fishery includes limitations on access to the resource, establishment of appropriate minimum legal sizes, and effective controls on total catches.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: not discussed

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: this study does not discuss this

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: this study does not discuss this

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: this study does not discuss this

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: this study does not discuss this


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

Authors state: "Key elements of the management system investigated in this study were critical in preventing over-exploitation. These include early limitations on access to the resource, establishment of appropriate minimum legal sizes, and effective controls on total catches. A biological research program that focused explicitly on stock assessment and underpinned timely adjustments to management arrangements based on changes in stock status has also been critical. Recommendations by fisheries management committees involving resource managers, scientists, industry members, and other stakeholders have been underpinned by formal management plans."


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2011-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

S. Mayfield, R. C. Chick, I. J. Carlson & T. M. Ward (2011) Invertebrate Dive Fisheries Can Be Sustainable: Forty Years of Production from a Greenlip Abalone Fishery off Southern Australia, Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19:3, 216-230, DOI: 10.1080/10641262.2011.585431

Date of record entry: 2022-11-25