A. Species
Scientific name: Ceratozamia mirandae
Common name(s): cycad
Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Endangered
B. Location of use
Geographic location(s):
- Chiapas
Country/Region:
C. Scale of assessment
Scale of assessment: Sub-national / Sub-region / Sub-State
Name/Details of location: Pacific and inland slopes of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas
D. Timescale of use
Start Year: 1997
End Year: 2008
E. Information about the use
How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from significantly modified habitat
Type of use: Extractive
Practice of use: Cultivation
Lethal or non-lethal: Non-Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism
Purpose(s) of end use: Food and feed, Keeping/companionship/display, Ceremony, religious, and ritual expression and Conservation Management
Motivation of use: Basic subsistence, Income generation from trade (individual/household/community), Traditional/Cultural/Spiritual and Population/Area Management
Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law
F. Information about the Users
Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people
G. Information about the sustainability of use
Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from significantly modified habitat
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES Non detriment findings (but does not follow CITES NDF methodology; instead authors state data were "Anecdotal and empirical, based on experience at the ejidales nurseries.")
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The SEMARNAT authority requires a management plan where the nursery area is specified, availability of water and other infrastructure. As part special permission they must inventory the approximate number of seeds to be harvested per year, number of plants to be cultivated and an inventory of plants under cultivation, sold, deaths etc. Annual reports are required for permit renewal. In 1999 and 2000 the farmers reintroduced 10% of the total production from 1997 to 1998. The seedlings reintroduced were three years old. These were reintroduced back into the oak-forest habitat. A reintroduction experiment has been established, and the monitoring of plants is in process.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES Non detriment findings (but does not follow CITES NDF methodology; instead authors state data were "Anecdotal and empirical, based on experience at the ejidales nurseries.")
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The main objective of this project is to diminish the pressure for field collecting and illegal traffic through the establishment of in situ nurseries. This way, economic incentives are created through the propagation and sale of plants leading to habitat conservation, by this system of harvesting seeds from habitat mother plants. Seedlings are sold and a percentage will be re-introduced back into habitat for conservation of the population. The monitoring process can to continue through the collaboration between the farmers and reserve personnel.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES Non detriment findings (but does not follow CITES NDF methodology; instead authors state data were "Anecdotal and empirical, based on experience at the ejidales nurseries.")
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Authors explain: "Often, accidental fires or agriculture activities burn the oak forests where Ceratozamia mirandae grows. The farmers became concerned about this practice, and after the project began the fires deceased. The farmers are organized through small group (5 to 8 persons). Each farmer collect seeds in their “Predio” or land but they all collect together."
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded
Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species
It is very important to include a sociologists or anthropologists to solve organizational and communication problems between the farmers. Also long-term funding to this type of lengthy projects is important. Marketing specialist for sales and export are needed as well as a closer collaboration with Reserve personnel and other national authorities such as SEMARNAT and PROFEPA.
Record source
Information about the record source: grey_lit
Date of publication/issue/production: 2008-01-01T00:00:00+0000
Source Reference(s):
Date of record entry: 2023-10-05