A. Species
Scientific name: Macaca fascicularis
Common name(s): long-tailed macaque
Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Endangered
B. Location of use
Geographic location(s):
- Indonesia
Country/Region:
C. Scale of assessment
Scale of assessment: National Level
Name/Details of location: Indonesia
D. Timescale of use
Start Year: 1999
End Year: 2021
E. Information about the use
How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat
Type of use: Extractive
Practice of use: Hunting and/or Trapping of live terrestrial and aerial animals
Lethal or non-lethal: Non-Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism
Purpose(s) of end use: Scientific Research
Motivation of use: Largescale commercial exploitation for trade
Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law and Illegal under national law
F. Information about the Users
Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: National / local private sector
G. Information about the sustainability of use
Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES-NDF Report
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Based on the NDF scoring process, a total score of 42 points was obtained, resulting in an average score of 1.615. According to these categories, the NDF scoring assessment of the long-tailed macaque falls under the ‘Positive’ criteria. This means that the long-tailed macaque population in Indonesia can be utilized through a quota mechanism. Although it falls into the positive category with a score of 1.615, this score is close to the neutral category, indicating the need for annual monitoring to observe population trends of long-tailed macaques in Indonesia.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES-NDF Report.
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Implicitly, the use of macaques in biomedical research generates profits for biomedical and pharmaceutical companies.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES-NDF Report.
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Implicitly, the drugs and medical treatments produced from research on long-tailed macaques contributes to society and public health. Also, given ecological sustainability, livelihoods based on capturing and supplying macaques to facilities will be sustainable.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES NDR
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The purpose of this use is primarily to produce drugs and treatments for human health.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out: CITES NDR
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Established quotas take into account several factors, including habitat distributions, population, sex, ratio, and animal welfare, so as not to compromise the species’ viability in its natural setting.
Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species
To continue to implement a capture quota system: "The capture of wild long-tailed macaque is governed by regulations on harvest quota that are renewed annually and set the year before. Established quotas take into account several factors, including habitat distributions, population, sex, ratio, and animal welfare, so as not to compromise the species’ viability in its natural setting. The population of long-tailed macaques in protected areas in Indonesia represents the last remaining reserve population in the country. Improvements are needed in controlling, monitoring, and managing populations outside protected areas due to the lack of regulatory protection.
Record source
Information about the record source: scientific_pub
Date of publication/issue/production: 2023-01-01T00:00:00+0000
Source Reference(s):
Eko Sulistyadi
Maharadatunkamsi
Yuli Sulistya Fitriana
Nurul Inayah
Wartika Rosa Farida
Endah Dwi Jayanti
Farid Rifaie
Sigit Wiantoro
Taufiq Purna Nugraha
Anang Setiawan Achmadi
Ratih Listyo Rini
Moh. Haryono
Fifin Nopiansyah
Desy Satya Chandradewi
Daniwari Widiyanto
E. Irwan Afrizal
Ibnu Maryanto
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) & Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK), 2023
Date of record entry: 2023-09-13