A. Species
Scientific name: Sphyrna lewini
Common name(s): Scalloped hammerhead shark
Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Critically Endangered
B. Location of use
Geographic location(s):
- Indonesia
- Indian Ocean - western
Country/Region:
C. Scale of assessment
Scale of assessment: National Level
Name/Details of location: Indonesia
D. Timescale of use
Start Year: 2005
End Year: 2021
E. Information about the use
How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat
Type of use: Extractive
Practice of use: Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources
Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism
Purpose(s) of end use: Food and feed and Decorative and aesthetic
Motivation of use: Basic subsistence and Income generation from trade (individual/household/community)
Is this use legal or illegal?: Some use is legal and some is illegal
F. Information about the Users
Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people and National / local private sector
G. Information about the sustainability of use
Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined
Details of assessment carried out: CITES-NDR
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Current data deficiencies and differences in stock exploitation between regions limit the NDRs ability to conclude on sustainability. The NDR mentions that many hammerhead sharks caught and landed in Indonesia were still in juvenile and sub-adult stages or immature conditions, giving cause for concern on stock over-exploitation..
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined
Details of assessment carried out: CITES-NDR
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: In some regions, many people depend on shark fisheries, such as fishers (sharks are caught as targets or bycatch), collectors, middlemen, product processors, and shark product exporters. Shark fishing in Indonesia has been increasingly incentivized by the high price of shark fins in the international market since the 1980s. Consequently, many fishers changed their target catch to sharks. Some areas are known to be shark landing centers (either target or bycatch) in Indonesia, such as Tanjung Luar, Muncar, Cilacap, Aceh, Sibolga, Palabuhanratu, Indramayu, and Muara Baru. Indirectly, the local community got a positive impact from shark fisheries, as sharks became the primary source of income and protein or consumption for daily needs. Nevertheless, the CITES Appendix II listing did not affect the local utilization of hammerhead sharks.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined
Details of assessment carried out: CITES ND
Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Ultimately, social sustainability will depend on the ecological sustainability of stocks. New regulations are being implemented with the intention of improving all metrics of sustainability.
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded
Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded
Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species
Improving catch data recording. Controlling the over-exploitation rate through a permitting mechanism. Improvements to the collection system of trade data. Limiting the number of catches through the catch quota system. Regulations on size limitation for captured sharks. Trade restrictions based on specific criteria. Improvements to the Health Certificate (HS) Code to detail the information on species and product types. Protection of critical habitat (mating and nursery grounds). Implementing all regulations related to fisheries, trade, and management of hammerhead sharks.
Record source
Information about the record source: scientific_pub
Date of publication/issue/production: 2023-01-01T00:00:00+0000
Source Reference(s):
Selvia Oktaviyani
Wanwan Kurniawan
Ayuningtyas Indrawati
Ana Faricha
Efin Mutaqin
Angga Yudhistira
Ayi Warmia
Shoimatul Ula
Benaya M. Simeon
Fahmi
RESEARCH CENTER FOR OCEANOGRAPHY (RCO)
NATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION AGENCY (BRIN)
Date of record entry: 2023-09-11