Species Use Database

Himalayan (or Chinese) caterpillar fungus
Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Used for Medicine and hygiene and Ceremony and ritual expression in Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet [or Xizang]

A. Species

Scientific name: Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Common name(s): Himalayan (or Chinese) caterpillar fungus

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Vulnerable


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • Bhutan
  • Nepal
  • Tibet [or Xizang]

Country/Region: Tibetan Plateau in China and Himalayan regions of Bhutan, India, and Nepal


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: Regional/Continental/Multi-country level

Name/Details of location: Interviewing community leaders from Sichuan, Qinghai, and the Tibet Autonomous Region (Tibet) China


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 2017

End Year: 2017


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Gathering/Cutting/Collecting terrestrial plants and fungi or their products from the wild

Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Medicine and hygiene and Ceremony and ritual expression

Motivation of use: Basic subsistence, Income generation from trade (individual/household/community), Largescale commercial exploitation for trade and Traditional/Cultural/Spiritual

Is this use legal or illegal?: Some use is legal and some is illegal


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) from interviews.

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: From structured interviews (supported by literature review), the finds that, according to the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of collectors across four countries, caterpillar fungus production has decreased due to habitat degradation, climate change, and especially overexploitation.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The study concludes that collapse in caterpillar fungus populations would have both ecological and socio-economic ramifications. Noting that the main use of this fungus is medicinal, to treat human health.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The study concludes that collapse in caterpillar fungus populations would have both ecological and socio-economic ramifications. Noting that the main use of this fungus is medicinal, to treat human health.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The study concludes that collapse in caterpillar fungus populations would have both ecological and socio-economic ramifications. Noting that the main use of this fungus is medicinal, to treat human health.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: study concentrates on fungus gathering

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: study concentrates on fungus gathering


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

Combining Western scientific methods with local environmental knowledge proved crucial for understanding recent trends in caterpillar fungus in the Himalayas. While ongoing climate change is likely to reduce caterpillar fungus production throughout its range, implementation of more sustainable management policies intended to counteract over-exploitation will also reduce the amount available for legal collection.


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2018-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

Hopping, K. A., Chignell, S. M., & Lambin, E. F. (2018). The demise of caterpillar fungus in the Himalayan region due to climate change and overharvesting. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 115(45), 11489-11494.

Date of record entry: 2022-11-14