Species Use Database

Ball python
Python regius

Used for Keeping/companionship/display in Togo

A. Species

Scientific name: Python regius

Common name(s): Ball python

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Near Threatened


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • Togo

Country/Region: Togo / West Africa


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: National Level

Name/Details of location: Togo - national level + direct surveys of 8 reptile farms within Togo


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 2018

End Year: 2019


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species born/bred and raised/produced in captivity or through artificial propagation

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Hunting and/or Trapping of live terrestrial and aerial animals

Lethal or non-lethal: Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Keeping/companionship/display

Motivation of use: Income generation from trade (individual/household/community)

Is this use legal or illegal?: Some use is legal and some is illegal


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people and International external


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species born/bred and raised/produced in captivity or through artificial propagation

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: No, sustainability not determined

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: sustainability not determined unambiguously due to hidden extraction of wild pythons sold as captive-bred/ ranched

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The ranching of pythons in Togo is considered economically sustainable; however, the hidden extent of wild extraction is not

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: this study does not record this

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: this study does not record this

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Details of assessment carried out: this study does not record this

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: this study does not record this

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: The paper promulgates the view that the python production being carried out by seven different farms in Togo was being done in “relatively healthy conditions”.


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

If gravid females are wild caught to lay eggs in captivity, these breeding females should be released back to the wild. The provision of captive breeding and ranching operations is intended as a replacement for the potentially unsustainable sourcing of pythons from their natural habitats, Wild caught pythons must not be included in export consignments under the false flag of being captive raised. Ranches (farms) should not also raise additional unlicensed reptile species.


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2020-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

D'Cruze, Neil, Lauren A. Harrington, Délagnon Assou, Jennah Green, David W. Macdonald, Delphine Ronfot, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto, and Mark Auliya. (2020)."Betting the farm: A review of Ball Python and other reptile trade from Togo, West Africa." Nature Conservation 40: 65-91.
doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.40.48046

Date of record entry: 2022-11-10