Species Use Database

Silver Birch
Betula pendula

Used for Medicine and hygiene, Energy, Decorative and aesthetic and Materials and construction in Finland

A. Species

Scientific name: Betula pendula

Common name(s): Silver Birch

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Least Concern


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • Finland

Country/Region: Western Europe with supplementary information from Northern Europe and Baltic states


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: Regional/Continental/Multi-country level

Name/Details of location: Western Europe


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 1900

End Year: 2020


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from significantly modified habitat

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Logging and/or Wood Harvesting

Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: The whole entire organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Medicine and hygiene, Energy, Decorative and aesthetic and Materials and construction

Motivation of use: Basic subsistence, Income generation from trade (individual/household/community) and Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people and National / local private sector


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from significantly modified habitat

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: Forest management practices

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Five commercial tree species comprise nearly 80% of the forest standing stock volume in Western Europe. However, under climate change and the forest health crises from native and introduced pests and pathogens , there now is a strong need to consider a wider diversity of tree species.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: large multi-national industry; Birch withstands browsing pressure; provide a wide variety of non-timber forest products (incl. betulin used in pharmaceuticals) as well as timber

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: large multi-national industry; Birch withstands browsing pressure; provide a wide variety of non-timber forest products (incl. betulin used in pharmaceuticals) as well as timber

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: large multi-national industry; Birch withstands browsing pressure; provide a wide variety of non-timber forest products (incl. betulin used in pharmaceuticals) as well as timber

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

Need to: (i) develop opportunities for industrial uses of birch wood, (ii) inform forest owners, managers, and industrial professionals about the potential value of birch, and (iii) define silvicultural guidelines


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2020-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

Dubois H, Verkasalo E, Claessens H. Potential of birch (Betula pendula Roth and B. pubescens Ehrh.) for forestry and forest-based industry sector within the changing climatic and socio-economic context of Western Europe. Forests. 2020 Mar 17;11(3):336.

Date of record entry: 2022-11-08