Species Use Database

Carolina Sea Lavender
Limonium carolinianum

Used for Decorative and aesthetic and Recreation in Nova Scotia

A. Species

Scientific name: Limonium carolinianum

Common name(s): Carolina Sea Lavender

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status: Least Concern


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • Nova Scotia

Country/Region: Canada/ Nova Scotia


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: Sub-national / Sub-region / Sub-State

Name/Details of location: 4 salt-marsh study sites along the coastline to the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 1996

End Year: 1999


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Gathering/Cutting/Collecting terrestrial plants and fungi or their products from the wild

Lethal or non-lethal: Non-Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: Only parts or products of the organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Decorative and aesthetic and Recreation

Motivation of use: Income generation from trade (individual/household/community) and Recreational

Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: Authors' conclusion based on the data presented in this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Authors state: "The lack of a persistent seed bank and the very limited dispersal of Limonium carolinianum means that harvesting has an immediate and dramatic effect upon recruitment into the local population. However, whether this in turn would result in significant population declines or lead to the extinction of local populations is as yet unknown. Variation in adult survivorship and growth is often more important than variation in seedling recruitment in determining population growth rate in long-lived species. The removal of blooms will divert resources from seed maturation and has the potential to increase adult survivorship and growth. Therefore, it is conceivable that in spite of its marked effect on seedling recruitment, harvesting may in fact have no negative effect on population growth or viability."

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered unsustainable

Details of assessment carried out: this study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: increasing commercialization resulted in over-harvesting and thus declining wild sea lavender plants

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

Authors recommend that: * First, harvesters should never harvest the last inflorescence in a clump of plants. With such a guideline, a population would still have at least one flower stalk per square meter after harvesting. This would ensure that there is some seed available to recolonize a site if the adult(s) in the immediate area should die. * Second, periodic closures (voluntary or enforced) of marshes to flower harvesting would provide pulses of recruitment into a population. If these pulses occur frequently enough relative to the life span of the adults, this would reduce the possibility that local populations would go extinct. Sites where the local population has been extirpated would eventually be recolonized by long-distance dispersal, but our study suggests that natural recolonization would be extremely slow.


Record source

Information about the record source: scientific_pub

Date of publication/issue/production: 2002-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

Baltzer, J.L., Hewlin, H.L., Reekie, E.G., Taylor, P.D. and Boates, J.S., 2002. The impact of flower harvesting on seedling recruitment in sea lavender (Limonium carolinianum, Plumbaginaceae). Rhodora, pp.280-295.

Date of record entry: 2022-12-30