Species Use Database

Australian silver-lipped pearl oyster
Pinctada maxima

Used for Food and feed and Decorative and aesthetic in Western Australia

A. Species

Scientific name: Pinctada maxima

Common name(s): Australian silver-lipped pearl oyster

Global IUCN Red List Threat Status:


B. Location of use

Geographic location(s):

  • Western Australia

Country/Region: Australia


C. Scale of assessment

Scale of assessment: Sub-national / Sub-region / Sub-State

Name/Details of location: Western Australia


D. Timescale of use

Start Year: 1990

End Year: 2015


E. Information about the use

How is the wild species sourced?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from the wild but reared/cultivated in a managed site

Type of use: Extractive

Practice of use: Targeted fishing harvesting/exploiting or collecting wild aquatic resources

Lethal or non-lethal: Lethal

Does this use involve take/extraction of: Only parts or products of the organism

Purpose(s) of end use: Food and feed and Decorative and aesthetic

Motivation of use: Basic subsistence, Income generation from trade (individual/household/community) and Largescale commercial exploitation for trade

Is this use legal or illegal?: Legal under national law


F. Information about the Users

Which stakeholder(s) does the record primarily focus on?: Local people and National / local private sector


G. Information about the sustainability of use

Is there evidence that the use is having an impact on the target species?: Wild species sourced from its natural habitat and Wild species sourced from the wild but reared/cultivated in a managed site

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an ecological perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: Western Australian Marine Stewardship Council Report Assessment

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Population stable despite harvesting

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an economic perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: This study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Although currently considered sustainable, according to the risk assessments in this report, the biggest risks associated with the pearl industry in Western Australia are to the economic sustainability of the fishing industry: • Competition between licences holders and companies within the industry is one of the main drivers of industry activities and innovation. • The majority of licences holders are reliant on this industry for the majority of their income and employment. • In years when market demand has been severely reduced (e.g. during the global financial crisis), the industry reduced fishing activities, using less boats with only the best divers to collect pearl oysters. This resulted in unemployment for a number of skippers and pearl oyster divers, who are usually reliant on the industry for their income.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a social perspective been recorded?: Yes, considered sustainable

Details of assessment carried out: This study

Brief summary on why the use has been assessed/judged to be sustainable or unsustainable: Although currently considered sustainable, according to the risk assessments in this report, the biggest risks associated with the pearl industry in Western Australia are to the economic sustainability of the fishing industry: • Competition between licences holders and companies within the industry is one of the main drivers of industry activities and innovation. • The majority of licences holders are reliant on this industry for the majority of their income and employment. • In years when market demand has been severely reduced (e.g. during the global financial crisis), the industry reduced fishing activities, using less boats with only the best divers to collect pearl oysters. This resulted in unemployment for a number of skippers and pearl oyster divers, who are usually reliant on the industry for their income.

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from a human health perspective been recorded?: not recorded

Has an assessment (or judgement) of sustainability of the use of the target species from an animal health/welfare perspective been recorded?: not recorded


Recommendations provided in the record to maintain or enhance the sustainability of the use of the target species

possibly diversification; best practice farming. Authors state: "However, whilst the Department cannot directly influence these issues, the risks can be mitigated by ensuring that P. maxima stocks are sustainably managed through regular monitoring, targeted research and best management practices."


Record source

Information about the record source: grey_lit

Date of publication/issue/production: 2016-01-01T00:00:00+0000

Source Reference(s):

Travaille, K L, Jones, R, and Wise, B. (2016), Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) Risk Assessment of the Western Australian Silver-Lipped Pearl Oyster (Pinctada maxima) Industry.
Department of Fisheries, Perth. Report No. 6.

Date of record entry: 2022-12-26