Harvesting_Blood Python_Indonesia

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)
Processors or other intermediaries (e.g., craft producers, tourist guides, hunting outfitters)
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Harvest Effects on Blood Pythons in North Sumatra

Increasing
Is the species endemic HIDE
Yes
Population Status
Unknown/not recorded
Formal international protection in place
International Level
National Level
Formal national protection in place

quotas set for the harvest of this species

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Additional Details (if available)

The species is threatened from possible overexploitation for the leather and international pet trades. Its range and that of P. curtus may be modified due to escapes, as snakes of both species collected for commercial trade are moved long distances in Sumatra to slaughterhouses (Shine et al. 1999, Keogh et al. 2001). In Sumatra, if the legal harvest quota is reached before the end of the year, harvesting continues and skins are stockpiled and smuggled out of the country (M. Auliya pers. comm. September 2011). It remains uncertain whether this additional off-take contributes to a severe decline of local populations.

Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Python brongersmai
Common Name(s)
Blood Python
Brongersma's short-tailed python
red short-tailed python
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
The whole entire organism
Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Largescale commercial exploitation for trade
What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
Amount
315000.00
Units Of Measurement
number of individuals taken from Northern Sumatra for the commercial trade
Time period over which this has been recorded
1997 to 2014
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Geographic Location
Country
Indonesia
Sub region/state
Northern Sumatra
Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)
National / local private sector
If more than one box ticked, please provide more details

In the province of North Sumatra, Indonesia (73,000 km2), blood pythons are collected by local people and sold to nearby processing facilities for their meat, skins, fat, and gall bladders;

Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing)
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Details of assessment carried out

In contrast to the temporal stability of demographic traits of the larger reticulated pythons processed at the same facilities over the same survey periods (Natusch et al. 2016b), our data on blood pythons reveal complex shifts in traits that imply that harvesting has been too intense.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Medicine/healthcare
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Natusch, D., Lyons, J., Mumpuni, Riyanto, A., & Shine, R. (2019). Harvest Effects on Blood Pythons in North Sumatra. The Journal Of Wildlife Management, 84(2), 249-255. doi: 10.1002/jwmg.21790

Overall, the pythons collected in 2015–2016 were thinner‐bodied than in 1996–1997, with fewer immature animals and a reduced size at maturation and reproductive frequency among females; Clutch size relative to maternal size decreased also. These temporal shifts in python demographics likely reflect a response to harvesting, although ecosystem changes may have played a role. In contrast to the temporal stability of demographic traits of the larger reticulated pythons processed at the same facilities over the same survey periods (Natusch et al. 2016b), our data on blood pythons reveal complex shifts in traits that imply that harvesting has been too intense.

Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Yes, considered unsustainable
Country reference