Logging_Big Leaf Mahogany_Brazil

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Unknown/not recorded
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

What loggers leave behind: Impacts on big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) commercial populations and potential for post-logging recovery in the Brazilian Amazon

Unknown/not recorded
Is the species endemic HIDE
Unknown
Population Status
Unknown/not recorded
Formal international protection in place
International Level
National Level
Formal national protection in place

the federal government put in place a moratorium on its trade in 2001. This led to changes in forest legislation in 2003 setting strict guidelines for harvest operations involving mahogany

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Swietenia macrophylla
Common Name(s)
Big Leaf Mahogany
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
The whole entire organism
How is the primary use carried out?
Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Largescale commercial exploitation for trade
What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Additional Details (if available)

Protecting a forest logged once for mahogany from second and third incursions by loggers seeking secondary timber species – and any high-value mahogany trees surviving the first cut – is almost impossible in remote regions where forest legislation is rarely enforced.

Geographic Location
Country
Brazil
Sub region/state
Brazilian Amazon
Unknown/not recorded
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Yes
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing)
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Yes, considered unsustainable
Details of assessment carried out

These results indicate that 80% harvest intensity will not be sustainable over multiple cutting cycles for most populations without silvicultural interventions ensuring establishment and long-term growth of artificial regeneration to augment depleted natural stocks, including repeated tending of outplanted seedlings. Without improved harvest protocols for mahogany in Brazil as explored in this paper, future commercial supplies of this species as well as other high-value tropical timbers are endangered. Following current harvest regulations for mahogany, commercial population recovery during 30 years would be sufficient to allow second harvests at only two sites (C and D). Regrettably, recovery at either site is unlikely since both have already been conventionally logged.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change
Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded
No assessment recorded
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management
Absent
Supportive policy and legislative framework
Absent
Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements
Absent
Support from NGOs
Absent
Support from Government
Absent
High financial returns from use
Absent
Abundant population of target species
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Capacity building of community
Absent
Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan
Absent
Effective private sector approach engagement through certification
Absent
Good benefit-sharing mechanism
Absent
Good Market Strategies
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Grogan, J., Jennings, S., Landis, R., Schulze, M., Baima, A., & Lopes, J. et al. (2008). What loggers leave behind: Impacts on big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) commercial populations and potential for post-logging recovery in the Brazilian Amazon. Forest Ecology And Management, 255(2), 269-281. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2007.09.048

Mahogany was logged by the conventional or ‘predatory’
model in Brazil (Uhl and Vieira, 1989; Uhl et al., 1991; Ver ́ıssimo et al., 1992, 1995) until widespread illegality and corruption forced the federal government to place a moratorium on its trade in 2001. This led to changes in forest legislation in 2003 setting strict guidelines for harvest operations involving mahogany

Projecting observed growth rates by surviving trees over 30 years and subtracting individuals according to mortality rates detailed in Section 3.4., we estimate that commercial densities (currently 􏰀60 cm diameter) will recover to 9.9–37.5% of pre- logging densities at the three logged sites

Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Country reference