Harvesting_Grandidier’s baobab_Madagascar

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Entire value chain
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Bark harvesting: a potential threat for the Grandidier’s baobab Adansonia grandidieri in western Madagascar

Decreasing
Is the species endemic HIDE
Yes
Population Status
Common but only within narrow areas of distribution
Formal international protection in place
International Level
National Level
Unknown/not recorded
Population Trend
Stable
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Adansonia grandidieri
Common Name(s)
Grandidier’s baobab
Renala
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Non-Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)
Details of parts/products taken

bark harvesting

sometimes lethal: "We also ob- served 41 baobab trees that had been deliberately felled for bark extraction"

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Yes

Large trees with a total bark surface of 14.8 ± 0.3 m2 were preferred for bark extraction; Smaller trees with a total bark surface below 13.2 ± 0.4 m2 were left intact.

Purpose of Use
Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)
Additional Details (if available)

the bark is used to make ropes

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
Amount
9800.00
Units Of Measurement
Grandidier’s baobab trees have been affected by debarking
Time period over which this has been recorded
over a period of 10 months between 2013 and 2014
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Geographic Location
Country
Madagascar
Sub region/state
Western Madagascar
Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out

This study showed that more than half of the Grandidier’s baobab trees in the wild have been subject to bark extraction. Since only part of the bark has been removed, the trees are still standing many years after the extraction. However, we started to observe intensive harvesting which consists in cutting down the trees to remove all the bark. If this practise continues, it will cause the de- cline of the species in the short term
On one hand, community members argue that bark removal do not harm the baobab trees while they agree that bark does not regenerate. However, in the wild, the baobabs are still standing. On the other hand, scientists advocate that bark harvesting might represent a threat to the trees as they are more exposed to ecological and climatic threats; Other studies in Africa reported that bark harvesting affects negatively the survival of baobab trees ;

In this paper, it is estimated that if this demand for bark remains constant, all baobab trees in the Menabe region would be debarked within the next 39 years. This could result in local extinction of the species in the near future, thus pointing out that as it is, the practice is unsustainable.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change
Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded
No assessment recorded
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management
Absent
Supportive policy and legislative framework
Absent
Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements
Absent
Support from NGOs
Absent
Support from Government
Absent
High financial returns from use
Absent
Abundant population of target species
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Capacity building of community
Absent
Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan
Absent
Effective private sector approach engagement through certification
Absent
Good benefit-sharing mechanism
Absent
Good Market Strategies
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Andriafidison, A., Raveloson, C. O., Mananjara, W. S., Razafimanahaka, J. H. 2019. Bark harvesting: a threat for the Grandidier’s baobab Adansonia grandidieri in western Madagascar. Madagascar Conservation & Development 1 4, 1 : 6–1 1 . http://dx.doi.org/1 0.431 4/mcd.v1 4i1 .3

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record
Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Yes, considered unsustainable
Country reference