Hunting_Peccary_Paraguay

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Hunting practices and harvest of peccaries in the northern Paraguayan Dry Chaco

Decreasing
Is the species endemic HIDE
Yes
Population Status
Unknown/not recorded
Formal international protection in place
International Level
National Level
Formal national protection in place
Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Catagonus wagneri
Common Name(s)
chacoan peccary
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
The whole entire organism
Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)
Recreational
Additional Details (if available)

All interviewees that admitted to hunting (n = 27) engaged in sub- sistence hunting, whereas 14.8% also hunted to protect their crops from herbivores, and 3.7% hunted to protect their family primarily from big cats.

Conservation professionals considered subsistence (100%, n = 10) and sport (90%, n = 10) to be important motivations for hunting in the region.

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Provide Details of resource rights regime where relevant

Although hunting without a permit is illegal, the trip and expense of acquiring a permit was beyond the capacity of most residents, and enforcement in the region was lacking

Geographic Location
Country
Paraguay
Sub region/state
Gran Chaco
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
No
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out

Although we documented lines of evidence consistent with sustainable harvest under current conditions and reasonable assumptions based on local expertise; however, we identified potential areas of concern given the emerging rapid development and conversion of habitat in the region
That the primary motivation for hunting in the region was to acquire protein for immediate family consumption is consistent with the prob- able sustainability of current hunting methods and intensity, particularly given the relatively low human population density.
Although local areas have been created to protect wildlife and other natural resources, and current harvest rates and conditions suggest sustainability, hunting remains a potential threat to Chacoan and white- lipped peccaries, and thus should be tracked over time

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Medicine/healthcare
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change

That the primary motivation for hunting in the region was to acquire protein for immediate family consumption

Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded
No assessment recorded
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management
Absent
Supportive policy and legislative framework
Absent
Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements
Absent
Support from NGOs
Absent
Support from Government
Absent
High financial returns from use
Absent
Abundant population of target species
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Capacity building of community
Absent
Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan
Absent
Effective private sector approach engagement through certification
Absent
Good benefit-sharing mechanism
Absent
Good Market Strategies
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Saldivar-Bellassai, S., Feldpausch-Parker, A., Giordano, A., & Frair, J. (2021). Hunting practices and harvest of peccaries in the northern Paraguayan Dry Chaco. Biological Conservation, 256, 109059. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109059

Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
No
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Country reference