The results indicated that there were no local restrictions in the three areas on who collects W. salutaris, the plant parts collected, harvesting season, and gathering time of day.
Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)
National external (individual, groups. e.g., hunters, anglers, photographers, tourists)
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
No
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out
Additional information on species demography, harvest impact, and post-harvest bark recovery rate area is required.
The results revealed that most respondents harvested only small amounts of plant material and relatively infrequently. results also suggest that the bark trade is still practiced and is a potential threat in the study area
We believe that W. salutaris is at this time sustainably exploited in some parts of the study area, but that during the civil war, this was likely not the case. To ensure that the species is sustainably exploited into the future, considerations should be given to activities that encourage conservation and contribute to people’s livelihoods.
Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
The tree is used to treat a number of ailments including the common cold, sinus and chest complaints (van Wyk and Wink 2004), inflammation of the gums, throat problems, and mouth sores.
W. salutaris is a key NTFP within local livelihoods, supporting the health of most house- holds as well as providing cash incomes for some through their involvement in trading W. salutaris bark locally and farther afield
Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded
No assessment recorded
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management
Absent
Supportive policy and legislative framework
Absent
Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements
Absent
Good alignment of legal protections with local cultural values and traditional
Absent
Support from NGOs
Absent
Support from Government
Absent
High financial returns from use
Absent
Abundant population of target species
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Capacity building of community
Absent
Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan
Absent
Effective private sector approach engagement through certification
Senkoro, A.M., Shackleton, C.M., Voeks, R.A. et al. Uses, Knowledge, and Management of the Threatened Pepper-Bark Tree (Warburgia salutaris) in Southern Mozambique. Econ Bot 73, 304–324 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12231-019-09468-x