Ivory harvesting_Asian Elephant_Thailand

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species sourced from the wild but reared/cultivated in a managed site (e.g., cultivated wild specimens, eggs/juveniles from the wild)
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Entire value chain
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Protection of elephants and sustainable use of ivory in Thailand

Decreasing
Is the species endemic HIDE
No
Population Status
Unknown/not recorded
Formal international protection in place
International Level
National Level
Formal national protection in place

. The Thai government introduced legal reforms in , imposing strict controls over the possession and domestic trade of ivory from captive Asian elephants, and aligning the pro- tection of African elephants and their ivory with CITES regulations.

Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Elephas maximus
Common Name(s)
Asian elephant
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Non-Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)
Details of parts/products taken

ivory from husks

How is the primary use carried out?
Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Income generation from trade at individual or household or community
Cultural/spiritual
What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
Amount
350.00
Units Of Measurement
kg of ivory
Time period over which this has been recorded
annually
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Additional Details (if available)

the complex nature of current legislation regarding ivory- related activities makes compliance difficult.

Geographic Location
Country
Thailand
Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)
National / local private sector
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Yes
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Yes, considered sustainable
Details of assessment carried out

In circumstances such as those in Thailand, ivory could be treated as a renewable resource, the sustainability of which is achieved through a highly regulated legal trade. The Thai ivory trade, based on a supply of raw material obtained from captive elephants, has the potential to be sustainable, support local craftsmen and maintain traditional knowledge of ivory carving. Elephant tusks grow throughout the animal’s life (Sukumar, ) and can be harvested with non- lethal methods from captive elephants;

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change
Has any assessment of socio-economic sustainability been recorded
Yes, considered unsustainable
Details of assessment

The administrative effort to comply with legal requirements appears to result in small-scale ivory traders abandoning the trade.

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Strong community governance/institutions/rights for wildlife management
Absent
Supportive policy and legislative framework
Absent
Adequate capacity to implement and enforce governance arrangements
Absent
Support from NGOs
Absent
Support from Government
Absent
High financial returns from use
Absent
Abundant population of target species
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Capacity building of community
Absent
Establishment and implementation of species and/or area management plan
Absent
Effective private sector approach engagement through certification
Absent
Good benefit-sharing mechanism
Absent
Good Market Strategies
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Chaitae, A., Gordon, I., Addison, J., & Marsh, H. (2021). Protection of elephants and sustainable use of ivory in Thailand. Oryx, 1-8. doi:10.1017/S0030605321000077

Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Country reference