Harvesting_Lebombo Ironwood_South Africa

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)
Record Source
Scientific publication (e.g., journal articles and book chapters independently peer-reviewed)

Impact of Ethnobotanical Utilization on the Population Structure of Androstachys Johnsonii Prain. in the Vhembe Area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa

Decreasing
Is the species endemic HIDE
No
Population Status
Common and wildly distributed
Unknown/not recorded
National Level
Unknown/not recorded
Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Additional Details (if available)

This species has been heavily exploited for timber where it occurs, for example in Mozambique it was one of the most exploited timber species in 2005, and this is exacerbated by it being a slow-growing tree. It suffers from deforestation, such as in the Baixo Pinda Forest Reserve and to a lesser extent in Matibane Forest Reserve, which have been subject to clearance for agriculture (Lemmens et al. 2012, J. Timberlake pers. comm. 2019). In Gonarezhou National Park, Zimbabwe, Androstachys johnsonii are declining from high population densities of African elephants and high fire frequencies causing a shift from savanna woodland to scrubland or grassland

Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Androstachys johnsonii
Common Name(s)
Lebombo Ironwood
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)
Details of parts/products taken

different parts of A. johnsonii such as stem, leaves, roots and bark are used for various purposes by villagers of Matshena village

How is the primary use carried out?
Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)
Additional Details (if available)

this species is mostly used for fencing, roofing, pillar construction, and as firewood. Additional ethnobotanical uses include fodder for goats and cattle and medicinal purposes;

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Geographic Location
Country
South Africa
Sub region/state
Limpopo Province
Name
Mathena village
Site Description

Matshena village is situated in the Mutale Local Municipality of the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Local people (e.g., individuals, communities, co-operatives)
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing)
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Details of assessment carried out

it is clear that A. johnsonii is in dire need of formal (legislative) and traditional (tribal) protection if the population is to be managed in a sustainable manner for the preservation of future generations.

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Medicine/healthcare
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change
Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Biological characteristics of target species
Absent
Source Reference(s)

Mokou BM, Jordaan JJ, Mafeo TP, et al. (2017) Impact of Ethnobotanical Utilization on the Population Structure of Androstachys Johnsonii Prain. in the Vhembe Area of the Limpopo Province, South Africa. Insights For Res 1(1):50-56.

The negative response of trees through defoliated crowns is an indication of unfavourable conditions for their growth and development.

Threats/pressures impacting the species at the scale of this record
Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Yes, considered unsustainable
Country reference