Harvesting_African Baobab_Botswana

Affiliation
IIED
Type of wild species covered by the record
Wild species used in its natural habitat
Stage of the value chain covered by the record
Primary Producer/harvester (e.g., NTFP collectors, egg collectors)
Record Source
“Grey” literature (e.g., NGO reports, case studies, non-detriment studies; project documents etc. (not necessarily peer-reviewed))

Testing the Baobab’s Mettle: An Evaluation of the Sustainability and Economic Potential of Harvesting Adansonia digitata

Unknown/not recorded
Is the species endemic HIDE
No
Population Status
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
National Level
Unknown/not recorded
Threats/Pressures impacting the conservation of the species
Population Trend
Unknown/not recorded
Sub-national Level
Unknown/not recorded
Name
Emma Hemmerlé
Scientific Name
Adansonia digitata
Common Name(s)
African Boabab
Type of Use
Extractive (i.e., the entire organism or parts of the organism are removed from its environment)
If extractive, for the target species, is this use
Non-Lethal
Does this use involve take/extraction of
Only parts or products of the organism (e.g., feathers, leaves, branches, eggs, nuts)
Details of parts/products taken

The shells of the fruit are used to make bowls, cups, and jars.
Fruit is harvested for human consumption; young leaves are eaten as a spinach, and the seeds can be eaten as a snack either raw or roasted. The roots, when boiled, produce a red-purple dye that is suitable for dying fabric. Bark is harvested for traditional medicine purposes. Both bark and roots are harvested using axes. They are simply chopped off haphazardly when being used for traditional medicine purposes, whereas when the bark is to be used for rope or crafts a rectangular strip of bark is usually removed, sometimes spanning the entire circumference of the tree (ringbarking).

Are specific characteristics/traits being targeted?
Unknown/not recorded
Purpose of Use
Basic subsistence (meeting day to day essential needs)
Cultural/spiritual
Additional Details (if available)

the role it plays in the day-to-day lives of the people who live around it, through its usefulness as a source of food, medicine, and crafts.

What is the main end use for any living organisms, parts or products taken/extracted?
Amount
39.00
Units Of Measurement
Number of mature fruit-bearing trees accessible in the village
Time period over which this has been recorded
2009
What is the trend in the level of offtake within the period covered by this record?
Geographic Location
Country
Botswana
Sub region/state
Central District
Name
Getwa
Site Description

Gweta, population roughly 5000, is situated on the northern outskirts of the Makgadikgadi pans in the country’s Central District and is one of the main entry points for tourists visiting the pans.

Unknown/not recorded
Is the use part of a strategy to generate conservation incentives, to finance conservation, or to improve tolerance/stewardship?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting the conservation status of the species? HIDE
Yes – use is negatively affecting the status (e.g., population is declining; extraction effort is increasing)
Is there evidence that the use is affecting natural selection?
Unknown/not recorded
Is there evidence that the use is affecting poaching of illegal wildlife trade?
Unknown/not reported
Is there any evidence that this use of the species is having a knock-on effect on the status of non-target species
Yes, it is having a negative effect (e.g., prey depletion, stress, disrupted breeding, movement, sleeping, feeding patterns)
Unknown/not recorded
Additional Details (if available)

At the moment, buffalo weavers are threatened by branch loss, which can and does cause their nests to drop from the trees.

Details of assessment carried out

Results suggest that baobab harvesting in its current form is detrimental to the trees’ health and may not be sustainable in the long term;
harvesting practices at present are causing damage to the trees and will result in diminishing returns to the village over time, especially where fruit is concerned. At the moment, fruit yields are almost certainly declining as a result of human exploitation. In the face of a growing human population, pressure on the trees will increase, and as a result the benefits they provide to the community will gradually wither away. If pushed farther, even the trees themselves could begin to be killed as has happened with fungus-infected baobabs in Namibia;

Has a valuation of financial flows from this use at the site/national/international level been recorded
No
Contribution to GDP
Unknown/not recorded
Medicine/healthcare
Training/Skills
Land/Resource Rights
Decision Making
Social Cohesion
Conflict- people
Conflict- wildlife
Climate Change

pulp contains six times the vitamin C of an orange, more calcium than milk, numerous antioxidants, and a high concentration of vitamin A. The leaves are also high in vitamin A, can be eaten as a green, and are used medicinally to treat fevers and diarrhoea.

Has the use of the species been recorded as resulting in changes to human health in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the species in use been noted as being of particular disease risk to humans?
Unknown/not recorded
Has the use of the species resulted in changes to animal welfare in this record?
Unknown/not recorded
Are there particular practices which have increased the risk to human or animal health or welfare in the use of this species?
Unknown/not recorded
Does the use of this species increase susceptibility to pathogen spread?
Unknown/not recorded
Unknown/not recorded
Support from NGOs
Absent
Biological characteristics of target species
Present
Source Reference(s)

Rhodes, Benjamin, "Testing the Baobab’s Mettle: An Evaluation of the Sustainability and Economic Potential of Harvesting Adansonia digitata" (2009). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 727.
https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/727

Results suggest that baobab harvesting in its current form is detrimental to the trees’ health and may not be sustainable in the long term; Human usage was linked to increased branch loss and to the severity of infection by rot fungi.

Who is involved in the use?
Is there any gender/age specificity in the various roles
Unknown/not recorded
How many of these local jobs accure to the following categories?
How many people outside the local area are employed
Is there any evidence of other economic benefits associated with this use beyond direct income and jobs
Unknown/Not recorded
Scale of Assessment
IUCN National Red List Category
IUCN Global Red List Category
Green Status Global Category
Yearly Financial Flows
Yes, considered unsustainable
Country reference